Francis Crowley

Francis "Two Gun" Crowley (October 31, 1912 – January 21, 1932) was an American murderer. His crime spree lasted nearly three months, ending in a two-hour shootout with the New York City Police Department on May 7, 1931, that was witnessed by 15,000 bystanders and received national attention. He became the archetype of the Irish gangster. In 1932 he was executed in New York's electric chair.[1]

Francis Crowley
Born	(1912-10-31)October 31, 1912 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	January 21, 1932(1932-01-21) (aged 19) Sing Sing Prison, Ossining, New York, U.S.
Other names	Two-Gun
Occupation	Criminal
Criminal status	Executed by electric chair at Sing Sing Prison
Conviction(s)	Murder (1931)
Criminal penalty	Death

Biography

Francis Crowley was born in New York City on October 31, 1912, the second son of an unwed German mother who gave him up for adoption.[2] He had a hatred for police, with some speculating that his absent father was a police officer, compounded by police killing his brother John when Crowley was 12 years old. John was alleged to be involved in the killing of NYPD Officer Maurice Harlow on February 22, 1925, then shortly thereafter was killed in a confrontation with police officers while resisting arrest on a charge of disorderly conduct.[3] By his late teens, Francis Crowley had a reputation as a troubled youth with a criminal history.[1]

Crime spree

On February 21, 1931, Crowley and two other young men crashed a dance hosted by the American Legion in the Bronx. Several Legionnaires tried to remove them from the venue, so Crowley drew a gun and wounded two men before fleeing. He was charged with attempted murder and went into hiding; he was confronted by police on March 13. He escaped into an office building on Lexington Avenue after shooting Detective Ferdinand Schaedel. Two days later, Crowley and four others robbed a bank in New Rochelle, New York.[1][2]

A month later, Crowley and two friends broke into the West 90th Street apartment of real estate broker Rudolph Adler. Adler attempted to resist them, and Crowley shot him five times using two pistols, which earned him the nickname "Two Gun".[4] Adler's dog Trixie attacked the robbers and drove them from the house, saving her owner's life. On April 27, Crowley was out joyriding in a stolen vehicle with his partner Rudolph "Fats" Durringer and dance hall hostess Virginia Brannen. Brannen resisted Durringer's advances, so Durringer shot and killed her while still in the car. Crowley then helped him dump her body outside St. Joseph's Seminary in Yonkers.[1][4]

New York City police found Brannen's body and escalated their efforts to find Crowley. On April 29, he was spotted in the Bronx driving a green Chrysler Imperial sedan along 138th Street near the Morris Avenue Bridge. Police pursued him, but he escaped after a running gun battle. Detectives found that the bullets extracted from a police car matched those that killed Virginia Brannen, among other unsolved shootings. The following day, Crowley's car was found abandoned with bullet holes and bloodstains on the inside. On May 6, Crowley was sitting in a parked car with his 16-year-old girlfriend Helen Walsh on Morris Lane in North Merrick, Long Island, when he was approached by police officers Frederick Hirsch and Peter Yodice who asked for identification. Crowley fired at them, killing Hirsch and wounding Yodice, and then he sped off.[1][4]

Capture

The following day, Crowley, Helen Walsh, and Fats Durringer were tracked down to a fifth-floor apartment in a rooming house on West 91st Street. The residence belonged to a former lover who notified the police upon seeing Crowley with another woman. They assembled a force of 300 police officers outside the apartment building, armed with rifles, machine guns, and tear gas, which attracted 15,000 bystanders.[4][5] Crowley and the police exchanged gunfire for nearly two hours, with the police firing an estimated 700 rounds into the building.[5] Walsh and Durringer reloaded Crowley's pistols, and Crowley threw back several tear gas grenades that the police had thrown into the apartment through a hole cut into the roof.[2] He finally surrendered after he had suffered four gunshot wounds and was bleeding heavily. Arresting officers found two pistols strapped to his legs.[1][4]

Trial and execution

In less than three weeks, Crowley was tried and convicted of the murder of police officer Frederick Hirsch on May 29.[2][5] His partner, Fats Durringer, was found guilty of the murder of Virginia Brannen and both men were sentenced to death on June 1. He was sentenced to death by electric chair.

Crowley spent his last year on death row at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York. He remained a disciplinary problem, stuffing his prison uniform down a toilet, setting fire to his bed, and frequently crafting homemade weapons. His attitude became somewhat more serene as his execution neared, and he reportedly adopted a starling which frequently flew into his cell.[4] Crowley's last words to Warden Lewis Lawes were to ask for a rag on January 21, 1932, after Durringer had been sent to the electric chair. He said, "I want to wipe off the chair after this rat sat in it." It is not clear if the request was granted.[1] He was 19 when he was executed.

References

1. Newton, Michael (2002). The Encyclopedia of Robberies, Heists, and Capers. New York: Facts On File Inc. pp. 67–68. ISBN 0-8160-4488-0.
2. English, T. J. (2005). Paddy whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish American Gangster. HarperCollins. p. 468. ISBN 978-0-06-059002-4. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
3. "Patrolman Maurice F. Harlow".
4. Blumenthal, Ralph (2004). Miracle at Sing Sing: How One Man Transformed the Lives of America's Most Dangerous Prisoners. Macmillan. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-312-30891-9. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
5. Goodman, Jonathan (1996). The Passing of Starr Faithfull. Kent State University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-87338-541-1. Retrieved August 23, 2009.

Further reading

• Downey, Patrick (2008) Bad Seeds in the Big Apple: Bandits, Killers & Chaos in New York City 1920-1940, Cumberland House Publishing