Frances Mary Burke

Dr Frances Mary Burke, MBE (1904–1994) is an Australian artist. She holds a significant place in the development of Australian design and evolution of printed textile design in Australia. She is recognised not only as a textile designer, but also as a design activist, homeware retailer, manufacturer and business woman.[1]

Frances Mary Burke

Order of the British Empire
Born10 January 1904
Spotswood, Victoria
Died14 October 1994
Kew, Victoria
EducationNational Gallery of Victoria Art School; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT)
Known forher contribution to development of printed textile design in Australia
ElectedContemporary Art Society (Vic); Society of Designers; Arts and Crafts Society of Victoria

Biography

Frances Mary Burke was born in Spotswood, Victoria on 10 January 1904. She was the youngest of three children of Francis Henry Burke, tailor's presser, and his wife Frances Veronica, née Brown, a former tailoress. Before taking up the opportunity to train in art and design, Burke had been a nurse at Mount St Evin's and Homoeopathic hospitals, qualifying as a registered nurse in 1927. By the early 1930s she was living with fellow nurse Frances Mary (Fabie) Chamberlain who was to remain her life partner.[1]

A small inheritance on the early death of her mother enabled Burke to leave her nursing vocation and follow her passion for art.[1] Burke studied art at the National Gallery of Victoria school of drawing and at the Melbourne Technical College (now Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology). Michael O'Connell was a great influence and he encouraged her enthusiasm for fabric printing. [2] Burke was awarded scholarships in 1934, 1935 and 1936. In 1936 she attended George Bell’s art school, training with Russell Drysdale, Peter Purves Smith and life-long friend Maie Casey, later Baroness Casey and Vicereine of Bengal. Burke had gone on to design some of her first patterns after viewing the artworks of Margaret Preston at the Museum of Victoria.[2]

Her design career started while she was still a student when she showed Pierre Fornari, fashion director of Georges, a prestigious department store in Melbourne, some of her designs..He had expressed his dissatisfaction with the 'lack of fashion textiles produced in Australia with an Australian character'.[1] He was impressed with her original Australian-themed designs influenced by Australian artefacts she had seen in museums, and Fornari commissioned her to designs fabrics suitable for clothing for the fast emerging demand casual wear. Burke founded Burway Prints which specialised in print fabrics with fellow Melbourne Technical College graduate Maurice Holloway. While Burke designed, Holloway took charge of printing. Burway Prints was Australia’s first registered textile screen printmaking business.

As early as 1938 her designs were being acknowledged as "an inspiration to all lovers of Australia nature". The Melbourne Age social column described her designs, on show at the 1938 Arts and Crafts exhibition. Designs included the use of 'the vivid red waratah, a flower that adapts itself very well to the conventional designs, the banksia (or bottle brush), West Australian flannel flowers and the wattle in some most original patterns'. The writer concluded that the designs were "distinct and unusual" and advocated readers to support Australian designs and to consider putting "native designs" in domestic interiors, especially when they were so attractive.[3]

With the limited supply of imported fabrics, Burke's career took off during World War II. One of Burke's most popular designs was the "Tiger Stripe" design, with a singular horizontal, curvilinear motif. It was originally created for author Joan Lindsay, and an example of this design can be viewed in the e-gallery below in the collection of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences.[4] In 1944 Burke was commissioned by Maie Casey to create the Indian-inspired design "Bengal Tiger" for Casey to wear and she was photographed wearing her ensemble by Cecil Beaton.[2]

In 1942 Burke established the new firm of Frances Burke Fabrics Pty Ltd. The collection featured some of the best of post-war design and production methods.[4] Burke opened her shop NEW Design Pty Ltd in 1948 in Melbourne, and the business operated in various locations until 1967.[5] The shop stocked furnishings, fabrics, and domestic utensils designed in a Modernist style, and also showcased furniture by noted Melbourne designers Clement Meadmore and Grant Featherston.

In 1949, Burke felt the need to be "refreshed" and headed for a three month research tour of the United States.[6] Burke travelled in her capacity as a member of the Provisional Council of Industrial Design as well as a designed of noted furnishing textiles.[7] She went with the intention of acquiring the skills to stimulate Australian manufacturers' enterprise and production with new ideas. One of her main areas of interest was examining the way colour was used by American designers, including the use of colour in America to prevent accidents in workshops.[6] On her return, "she had much to tell of the scientific development of design for the American home". She believed the designer "was an indispensable liaison officer between the manufacturer and the public, finding out what the public wanted and showing the manufacturer how to produce the desired article". [7]

Later Life

Burke, along with fellow artist Margaret Preston, had a big role in the development and acceptance of Australian themed designs. She a member of professional design groups including the Contemporary Art Society and the Society of Industrial Designers and should be seen as having made a good contribution to the promotion of Australian design.[4]

Burke was a leader and promoter of objects and fabrics that represented mid-century modern design in Australia. She introduce vibrant colours and bold motifs and it is this innovation that has become recognised internationally as something that defines Australia. In 1957 she stated:

"Soft furnishings should be regarded as a unit of total interior design. Simplicity in design is therefore most necessary for the purpose of relating them to other units like wall coverings, furniture, etc." [4]

In 1997, the National Gallery of Australia celebrated International Women's Day with the exhibition "Women Hold Up Half The Sky", celebrating the diversity of work produced by Australian women artists over the previous 150 years. Works included fabrics by Burke and paintings by Margaret Preston.[8]

Commissions

Burke received many important commissions including:

Recognition

1970:   Member of the Order of the British Empire for services to art and design

1987:  Honorary Doctorate, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) in recognition of her seminal and continuing influence on Australian design. [5]

Legacy

In 1994, on the occasion of Burke’s death, her life-long companion Fabie Chamberlain donated the contents of Burke’s studio to RMIT University.[5] The collection consists of textile samples, photographs and design ephemera. This rich collection is now located in the RMIT's Design Hub.[9][10]

The Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences also holds a collection of Burke's mid-century modern textiles which includes many designs that draw strongly on the inspiration of Australian nature.[4]

Further reading
  1. Burke, Frances Mary, 1907–1994; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (1996), Exclusive hand prints / [Frances Mary Burke], RMITCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Casey, Maie, From the night / [poems by Maie Casey ; drawings by Frances Burke], M. Casey, [Berwick, Vic.], [1976]
  3. Green, Erica; Harding, Peter; University of South Australia. Art Museum (1999), Frances Burke fabrics, 1937–1965 ; Gerry Wedd and Mambo, University of South Australia, Art Museum
  4. Oswald-Jacobs, Robyn, Francis Burke fabrics / Department of Fashion & Textile Design, RMIT, Melbourne, [1996]
  5. Burke, Frances Mary, Papers of Frances Burke, c1940s-c1960s, retrieved 28 July 2020
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gollark: Does that fix the thing where you can just use nonexistent variables and it treats them as the empty string?

References
  1. Carter, Nanette, "Burke, Frances Mary (1904–1994)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 2020-07-28
  2. Jessica (2018-09-10). "CREATOR & MAKER | frances burke". Hunter Design School. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  3. "SOCIAL and PERSONAL". Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 – 1954). 1938-03-26. p. 4. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  4. "Frances Burke textile designer". collection.maas.museum. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  5. "Frances Burke Collection". Research Data Australia. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  6. "Designer's Trip To be Refreshed'". Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 – 1954). 1949-07-26. p. 5. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  7. "Textile Designer Back From America". Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 – 1954). 1947-08-29. p. 5. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  8. "Women Hold Up Half the Sky". Woroni (Canberra, ACT : 1950 – 2007). 1995-03-09. p. 28. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
  9. "RMIT Design Hub opens". ArchitectureAU. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  10. "Biography – Frances Mary Burke – People Australia". peopleaustralia.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 2020-07-28.

E-gallery of textile designs:

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