Françoise d'Eaubonne

Françoise d'Eaubonne (12 March 1920 – 3 August 2005) was a French author and feminist. Her 1974 book Le Féminisme ou la Mort introduced the term ecofeminism. She co-founded the Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire, a homosexual revolutionary alliance in Paris.

Françoise d'Eaubonne
Born(1920-03-12)12 March 1920
Paris, France
Died3 August 2005(2005-08-03) (aged 85)
Paris, France
LanguageFrench
NationalityFrench
GenreNon-fiction
SubjectEcofeminism
Notable worksLe féminisme ou la mort

Life and career

Her mother was a child of a Carlist revolutionary. Her father was a member of the religious Sillon movement and an anarchist sympathiser. Her childhood in Toulouse was marked by the physical decay of her father, due to the gas he had been exposed to in the trenches during the war in 1914. When she was at the age of 16, the Spanish Civil War broke out. Three years later, she witnessed the arrival of the Republicans in exile. Between the age of 20 and 25, she endured the privations of the time. In a railway station in Paris, the Liberation, the end of the war, met her in the form of freed Jews returning from the camps. Later, she would express her feelings in this period of her life with the meaningful title "Chienne de Jeunesse".

Such a childhood, together with a hypersensitive personality, made her look at the world critically, and formed her into a militant radical and feminist. A former member of the French Communist Party, in 1971, she co-founded the Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire (FHAR), a homosexual revolutionary movement. Also that year, she signed the Manifesto of the 343 declaring she had an abortion.[1] She is considered the founder of the ecological and social movement of ecofeminism.[2] She created the Ecology-Feminism (Ecologie-Feminisme) Center in Paris in 1972. In 1974 she published her book Le féminisme ou la mort (Feminism or Death) where she first coined the term ecofeminism. In the book she speaks of a special connection women share with nature and encourages women's environmental activism. She cites toxic masculinity as the cause of population growth, pollution, and other destructive influences on the environment. Many scholars shared d'Eaubonne's view on women's inherent connection to nature. These scholars include Sherry Ortner, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Susan Griffin, and Carolyn Merchant.[3] In her literary and militant life, she came across a number of people of influence in the 20th century, like Colette, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean Cocteau, and many more.

Following her motto, "Not a day without a line", Françoise d'Eaubonne wrote more than 50 works, from Colonnes de l'âme (poetry, 1942) to L'Évangile de Véronique (essay, 2003). Her historical novel Comme un vol de gerfauts (1947) was translated into English as A Flight of Falcons, and extracts from her essay Feminism or Death appeared in the 1974 anthology New French Feminisms. She also wrote science fiction novels, like L'échiquier du temps and Rêve de feu, Le sous-marin de l'espace.

Bibliography
  • Novels:
    • Le cœur de Watteau, 1944
    • Comme un vol de gerfauts, prix des lecteurs 1947
    • Belle Humeur ou la Véridique Histoire de Mandrin,1957
    • J'irai cracher sur vos tombes, 1959 (after the film I Spit on Your Grave)
    • Les Tricheurs, 1959 (after the film Les Tricheurs)
    • Jusqu'à la gauche, 1963
    • Les Bergères de l'Apocalypse, 1978
    • On vous appelait terroristes, 1979
    • Je ne suis pas née pour mourir, 1982
    • Terrorist's blues, 1987
    • Floralies du désert, 1995
  • Biographies:
    • La vie passionnée d'Arthur Rimbaud, 1957
    • La vie passionnée de Verlaine, 1959
    • Une femme témoin de son siècle, Germaine de Staël, 1966
    • La couronne de sable, vie d'Isabelle Eberhardt, 1967
    • L'éventail de fer ou la vie de Qiu Jin, 1977
    • Moi, Kristine, reine de Suède, 1979
    • L'impératrice rouge : moi, Jiang King, veuve Mao, 1981
    • L'Amazone Sombre : vie d'Antoinette Lix, 1983
    • Louise Michel la Canaque, 1985
    • Une femme nommée Castor, 1986
    • Les scandaleuses, 1990
    • L'évangile de Véronique, 2000
  • Essays:
    • Le complexe de Diane, érotisme ou féminisme, 1951
    • Y a-t-il encore des hommes?, 1964
    • Eros minoritaire, 1970
    • Le féminisme ou la mort, 1974
    • Les femmes avant le patriarcat, 1976
    • Contre violence ou résistance à l'état, 1978
    • Histoire de l'art et lutte des sexes, 1978
    • Écologie, féminisme : révolution ou mutation ?, 1978
    • S comme Sectes, 1982
    • La femme russe, 1988
    • Féminin et philosophie : une allergie historique, 1997
    • La liseuse et la lyre, 1997
    • Le sexocide des sorcières, 1999
  • Poems:
    • Columns of the soul, 1942
    • Rutten, 1951
    • Neither place nor meter, 1981
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References
  1. "Le manifeste des 343". Archived from the original on 23 April 2001.
  2. Gates, B. T. (1 July 1996). "A Root of Ecofeminism: Ecoféminisme". Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment. 3 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1093/isle/3.1.7.
  3. Allison, Juliann Emmons (1 March 2010). "Ecofeminism and Global Environmental Politics". Oxford Research Encyclopedias. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-158.
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