Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Chromista
Phylum:	Ochrophyta
Class:	Bacillariophyceae
Order:	Bacillariales
Family:	Bacillariaceae
Genus:	Fragilariopsis
Species:	F. cylindrus
Binomial name
	Fragilariopsis cylindrus; (Grunow ex Cleve) Helmcke & Krieger 1954[1]
Synonyms[2]
	Fragilaria cylindrus Grunow ex Cleve 1883; Fragilaria nana Steemann-Nielsen 1935; Fragilariopsis cylindrus var. planctonica Willi Krieger 1954; Fragilariopsis cylindrus f. minor Manguin 1960; Fragilariopsis linearis var. intermedia Manguin 1960; Nitzschia cylindrus (Grunow ex Cleve) Hasle 1972;

Fragilariopsis cylindrus[3] is a pennate sea-ice diatom that is found native in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters, with a pH of 8.1-8.4.[4] It is regarded as an indicator species for polar water.

Description

Fragilariopsis cylindrus is a unicellular, eukaryotic, microalgae that is important due to its ecological roles.[4] This is because it is major contributor to climate change processes, responsible for 20% global carbon fixation,[4] and forms a substantial basis of the marine food web, making up 40% of marine primary productivity.[4] F. cylindrus is found native to the Southern Ocean,[3] with their proximal side valve mantle being 1.6 μm, their girdle 0.75μm, apical axis ranging between 15.5μm to 55.0μm, transapical axis ranging from 2.4μm to 4.0μm, and their transapcial axis ranging from 2.4μm to 4.μm.[3] Their transapical striae count is 10-16, with a mean of 10μm, while their row of poroids range from 50 to 56, in 10μm.[3] F. cylindrus typically forms large populations in the bottom layer of sea ice, as well as in the wider sea-ice zone, which includes open waters.[4] It is known for its ability to survive temperatures below 0°C, high salinity, the semi-enclosed pore systems within the ice, as well as low diffusion rates of dissolved gases and exchange of inorganic nutrients that occur within their environment.[3][4] F. cylindrus is a phototropic organism, but is able to sustain essential metabolic processes in the dark, ensuring rapid recovery upon re-illumination, and allowing them to survive long-term darkness.[4] Gram stain, cellulose activity, growth rate, motility and the microbe's ability to resist/produce antibiotics have are unknown at this moment.[3]

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References

Helmcke, J.-G. & Krieger, W. (1954). Diatomeenschalen im Elektronenmikroskopischen Bild. Bild u. Forsch. Abt. Biol. Berlin-Wilmersdorf 2: 1-24, pls 103-200.
M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2019. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=38075 ; searched on 06 December 2019.
Cefarelli, A., Ferrario, M., Almandoz, G., Atencio, A., Akselman, R., Vernet (16 October 2010). "Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance". Polar Biology. 33 (11): 1463–1484. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0794-z.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Kennedy, F., Martin, A., Bowman, J., Wilson, R., McMinn, A. (7 May 2019). "Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus survives long-term darkness". New Phytologist. 223(2) (4): 675–691. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(75)90498-2. PMID 3.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[1] Helmcke, J.-G. & Krieger, W. (1954). Diatomeenschalen im Elektronenmikroskopischen Bild. Bild u. Forsch. Abt. Biol. Berlin-Wilmersdorf 2: 1-24, pls 103-200.

[2] M.D. Guiry in Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2019. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=38075 ; searched on 06 December 2019.

[:0-3] Cefarelli, A., Ferrario, M., Almandoz, G., Atencio, A., Akselman, R., Vernet (16 October 2010). "Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance". Polar Biology. 33 (11): 1463–1484. doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0794-z.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[:1-4] Kennedy, F., Martin, A., Bowman, J., Wilson, R., McMinn, A. (7 May 2019). "Dark metabolism: a molecular insight into how the Antarctic sea-ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus survives long-term darkness". New Phytologist. 223(2) (4): 675–691. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(75)90498-2. PMID 3.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)