Forced normalization

In neuropsychiatry, a forced normalization (FN) is a specific phenomenon. Landolt concluded that forced normalization is "the phenomenon characterized by the fact that, with the occurrence of psychotic states, the electroencephalography becomes more normal or entirely normal, as compared with previous and subsequent EEG findings." Forced normalization, as described by Landolt,[1] was therefore an electrophysiological phenomenon with the electroencephalograph at its helm.

Tellenbach's description of "alternative psychosis" or the reciprocal relationship between abnormal mental states and seizures differed from Landolt's in its clinical rather than EEG description.[2] Subsequently, this concept was refined by Wolf,[3] who suggested that the term "paradoxical normalization" was more appropriate and closer to what Landolt intended, wherein both inhibitory processes and epileptic processes (subcortical and restricted) are active at the same time.

References
  1. Landolt, H (1958). Serial EEG investigations during psychotic episodes in epileptic patients and during schizophrenic attacks. In: Lectures on Epilepsy, LorentzDe Haas A. M. (Ed). Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 91–133.
  2. Tellenbach, H (1965). "Epilepsy as a convulsive disorder and as a psychosis. On alternative psychoses of paranoid nature in "forced normalisation" (Landolt) of the electroencephalogram of epileptics". Nervenarzt. 36: 190–202. PMID 14308489.
  3. Wolf, P (1991). Acute behavioral symptomatology at disappearance of epileptiform EEG abnormality: paradoxical or forced normalisation. In: Neurobehavioral Problems in Epilepsy, SmithD., TreimanD. and Trimble M. R. (Eds.). New York: Raven Press. pp. 127–42.

Further reading
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