Flurzwang

Flurzwang is the German name for a historical system of agriculture used in various places in Europe. It was an agreement or sometimes an order from the community, among all the owners of farmland or farming plots, or by the lord of the manor, for the cultivation of individual pieces of agricultural land in the community in areas using the three year crop rotation system. It was used between the late Middle Ages until about the middle of the 19th century, or even much longer in some places. It typically resulted in dispersal of the ownership of property over the entire land of the community, the so-called Gemengelage (mixed location).

Reasons for its establishment

The aim was to prevent a farmer or property owner from gaining an advantage by harvesting earlier or cultivating other produce from what had previously been agreed upon. The agreements were also supposed to prevent damages to the land due to people walking or even driving onto the fields. In addition, they were to prevent theft of vegetables or other produce. As part of Flurzwang, land owners had to relinquish part of their land for pathways when the land was developed. Fenced fields were exempted from Flurzwang and special crops could also be grown on them. This was the case for wine growing, for instance. The owner of such a field had to pay compensation to the other farmers.

Obligations

Each farmer had to obey the agreed upon sequence for the crops in the crop rotation system and also the agreed upon times for the work (plowing, sowing and harvesting). Otherwise, it would have been necessary for a farmer to drive his wagon over neighboring fields to reach his own fields. No one could disobey these rules. The chairman of a farmers cooperative or of a village who was in charge of the Flurzwang was called Schulze.

End of Flurzwang

Flurzwang became questionable for the landowners affected after the introduction of clover farming and later potato and beet farming. It was finally abolished during the liberation of the farmers, which happened in Germany, Switzerland and Austria as a result of the French Revolution from approximately 1803 to 1850.

gollark: Yes, exactly.

gollark: (also, global prosperity is generally going up, illiteracy & extreme poverty going down, etc.)

gollark: Anyway, I find those "various people die of easily preventable deaths → capitalism bad" things unreasonable. I suspect most people don't actually *care* about random people somewhere dying, given the fact that you can quite easily donate to very effective charities for e.g. helping fix malaria under the existing system, and yet nobody does this.

gollark: There are MANY messages here. Yay for having vast amounts of free time now so I can read them all?

gollark: There is that weird thing in road networks where in certain cases adding additional roads can *worsen* traffic.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.