Ficidae

Ficidae, common name the fig shells are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea.

Ficidae
The shell of Ficus gracilis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
(unranked):	clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:	Ficoidea Meek, 1864 (1840)
Family:	Ficidae Meek, 1864 (1840)
Synonyms
Pyrullinae Swainson, 1840 Sycotypidae Gray, 1853 Ficulidae Carpenter, 1857 Thalassocyonidae F. Riedel, 1895.

According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Ficidae has no subfamilies.

The shells of these snails are shaped rather like figs or pears, hence the common name.

The Ficidae were previously included in the Tonnaceae (now Tonnoidea) along with the Tonnidae and Cassididae.[1][2]

Distribution

The family is found worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical silt and mud covered neritic zones.

Shell description

The shells of species in the Ficidae are thin but strong. They have a large aperture and a long siphonal canal, but an extremely low spire which does not protrude above the outline of the body whorl.

Fig shells very often have subdued spiral ribbing, and are subtly patterned in shades of very pale brown and beige.

Genera

Genera within the family Ficidae include:

• Ficus Röding, 1798[3]
• † Austroficopsis Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992[4]
• † Ficopsis Conrad, 1866[5]
• † Fusoficula[6]
• † Gonysycon[7]
• Thalassocyon Barnard, 1960[8]

Genera brought into synonymy

• Ficula Swainson, 1835 : synonym of Ficus Röding, 1798
• Pirula Montfort, 1810 : synonym of Ficus Röding, 1798
• Pyrula Lamarck, 1799 : synonym of Ficus Röding, 1798
• Sycotypus Gray, 1847 : synonym of Ficus Röding, 1798

References

1. Keen, A.Myra 1958; Sea Shells of Tropical West America, Stanford University Press.
2. Moore, Lalicker, and Fischer 1952; Invertebrate Fossils, McGraw-Hill Book.
3. WoRMS (2009). Ficus Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=205605 on 2010-05-20
4. "Austroficopsis". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 20 May 2010.
5. "Ficopsis". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 20 May 2010.
6. "Fusoficula". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 20 May 2010.
7. "Gonysycon". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 20 May 2010.
8. WoRMS (2010). Thalassocyon Barnard, 1960. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447827 on 2010-05-20

Further reading

• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.