Famous Door

The Famous Door was a jazz club on New York's 52nd Street. It opened in 1935 and was one of the major clubs on the street, hosting leading jazz musicians until 1950, through changes of location and periods of closure.

Famous Door

Address	52nd Street
Location	New York City
Coordinates	40.757076°N 73.969857°W / 40.757076; -73.969857
Type	Nightclub
Genre(s)	Jazz
Opened	March 1, 1935 (1935-03-01)
Closed	1960s

History

The Famous Door opened at 35 West 52nd Street on March 1, 1935.[1] Among its initial backers were the radio bandleader Lennie Hayton, who helped it become well known, and musicians Jimmy Dorsey and Glenn Miller.[2] Louis Prima played on the club's opening night.[1] "The club was intended to provide a reliable venue for swing musicians and a place where they could gather, but other customers were attracted by the door inside (autographed by visiting celebrities) which gave the club its name, the fine music, and drinks that started at fifty cents."[2] An upstairs room was used for informal jazz sessions.[1] In its first year, musicians such as Bunny Berigan, Georg Brunis, Bobby Hackett, Billie Holiday, Max Kaminsky, Wingy Manone, and Red Norvo helped establish its reputation.[1] Vocalist Bessie Smith's only 52nd Street appearance was at the Famous Door – for a single date in February 1936.[3] The club was predominantly for white musicians; black musicians Holiday and pianist Teddy Wilson were fired for mingling with Charlie Barnet, a white bandleader who was in the audience.[2] Financial problems led to the club closing on May 10, 1936.[1]

Ben Webster, Eddie Barefield, Buck Clayton, and Benny Morton on stage at the Famous Door, c. October 1947

A new version of the club opened at 66 West 52nd Street in December 1937.[1] Its capacity was no more than sixty.[4] Prima was again the first to be given a residency, with pianist Art Tatum playing between sets.[1] Big bands also played there in the 1930s and 1940s, even though the bandstand was small.[1] There were also frequent radio broadcasts from the venue by CBS in the late 1930s.[1] Broadcasts of Count Basie's big band from the club several nights a week in part of 1938 helped develop his career.[4] This was facilitated by a representative of the MCA booking agency, which paid for the club to make alterations, including the installation of air conditioning.[5] A failure to pay wages to the musicians meant that the club was closed from June to September 1940.[1] The club was part of the scene in which bebop developed: Benny Carter reported that he was asked to dismiss the experimenting trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie from his band when playing there around 1942: "I was asked to get rid of him because he was playing augmented ninths, etc. They thought he was hitting bad notes."[6] In November 1943, the Famous Door moved to 201 West 52nd Street, but this survived for only a short time into 1944.[1]

The club was revived in 1947, this time at 56 West 52nd Street.[1] This again featured leading jazz figures of the time, this time in the swing and bebop styles.[1] It closed in 1950.[1] "The last of the locations to take the illustrious name of the Famous Door was active on 52nd Street in the 1960s; clubs in other American cities have also used the name, including one in New Orleans."[1]

References

1. Nightclubs and Other Venues, Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press, 2002, doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J330000
2. Peretti, Burton W. (2007). Nightclub City: Politics and Amusement in Manhattan. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 185.
3. Albertson, Chris (2003). Bessie (Revised ed.). Yale University Press. p. 243. ISBN 978-0-300-10756-2.
4. Deveaux, Scott (1997). The Birth of Bebop. University of California Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-520-21665-5.
5. Gelly, Dave (2007). Being Prez. Equinox. pp. 38, 53. ISBN 978-1-84553-058-7.
6. Shipton, Alyn (2001). Groovin' High. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-19-514410-9.