Faith Bandler

Faith Bandler AC (27 September 1918 – 13 February 2015; née Ida Lessing Faith Mussing) was an Australian civil rights activist of South Sea Islander and Scottish-Indian heritage. She was a campaigner for the rights of indigenous Australians and South Sea Islanders. Bandler was best known for her leadership in the campaign for the 1967 referendum on Aboriginal Australians.

Bandler meeting with Gordon Bryant (left) and Prime Minister Harold Holt in the lead-up to the 1967 referendum.

Early life and family

Bandler was born in Tumbulgum, New South Wales, and raised on a farm near Murwillumbah. Her father had been blackbirded from Ambrym Island, Vanuatu, in 1883, at the age of about 13. He was then sent to Mackay, Queensland, before being sent to work on a sugar cane plantation. He later escaped and married Bandler's mother, a Scottish-Indian woman from New South Wales.

Her father, Wacvie Mussingkon, son of Baddick and Lessing Mussingkon, was taken as a boy in 1883 from Biap, on the island of Ambrym in what is now Vanuatu. His abduction was part of blackbirding, the practice which brought cheap labour to help establish the Australian sugar industry. He was later known as Peter Mussing, a lay preacher and worked on a banana plantation outside Murwillumbah. He died when Bandler was five years old.[1]

Bandler cited stories of her father's harsh experience as a slave labourer as a strong motivation for her activism. In 1934, Bandler left school and moved to Sydney, where she worked as a dressmaker's apprentice.[2]

Career

Early career

During World War II, Bandler and her sister Kath served in the Australian Women's Land Army, working on fruit farms. Bandler and indigenous workers received less pay than white workers. After being discharged in 1945, she started to campaign for equal pay for indigenous workers. After the war, Bandler moved to the Sydney suburb of Kings Cross.[3]

Community activism

In 1956, Bandler became a full-time activist, becoming involved in the Aboriginal–Australian Fellowship with Pearl Gibbs, Grace Bardsley, and Bert Groves. Bandler also became involved with the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (FCAATSI), which was formed in 1957. During this period, Bandler worked with her mentors Pearl Gibbs and Jessie Street. As general secretary of FCAATSI, Bandler led the campaign for a constitutional referendum to remove discriminatory provisions from the Constitution of Australia. The campaign, which included several massive petitions and hundreds of public meetings arranged by Bandler, resulted in the 1967 referendum being put to the people by the Holt government. The referendum succeeded in all six states, attracting nearly 91 percent support across the country.[4]

In 1975, Bandler visited Ambrym Island, where her father had been kidnapped 92 years before.[5] Throughout the 1970s, Bandler was a prominent member of the Women's Electoral Lobby in New South Wales.[6]

Writing
Faith Bandler memorial plaque in Sydney Writers Walk at Circular Quay

In 1974, Bandler started working on four books, two histories of the 1967 referendum, an account of her brother's life in New South Wales, and a novel about her father's experience of blackbirding in Queensland. Beginning in 1974, she also started campaigning for the rights of South Sea Islander Australians. According to Bandler's biographer, feminist writer and historian Marilyn Lake, this campaign was more challenging than the FCAATSI campaign for the 1967 referendum, since Bandler was fighting on two fronts. Not only was she battling historians who insisted that the blackbirded South Sea Islanders were actually voluntary indentured servants, but she was also to some extent ostracised by indigenous Australians in the Australian civil rights movement, due to the increasing influence of separatist Black Power ideology.[7]

Bandler's published works include:

  • Bandler, Faith (1977). Wacvie. Adelaide: Rigby. ISBN 0-7270-0446-8.
  • Bandler, Faith; Fox, Len (1980). Marani in Australia. Adelaide: Rigby. ISBN 0-7270-1254-1.
  • Bandler, Faith; Fox, Len, eds. (1983). The Time was Ripe: A History of the Aboriginal-Australian Fellowship. Chippendale, New South Wales: Alternative Publishing Cooperative. ISBN 0-909188-78-5.
  • Bandler, Faith (1984). Welou, My Brother. Glebe, New South Wales: Wild & Woolley. ISBN 0-909331-73-1.
  • Bandler, Faith (1989). Turning the Tide: A Personal History of the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. ISBN 0-85575-196-7.

Personal life

In 1952, Faith married Hans Bandler, a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria, and lived in Frenchs Forest. During the war, Hans had been interned in the Nazi labour camps. The couple had a daughter, Lilon Gretl, born in 1954, and a fostered Aboriginal Australian son, Peter (Manual Armstrong). Hans died in 2009. Faith Bandler died at the age of 96 in February 2015.[8]

Honours and awards

Bandler was:

A 1993 portrait of Bandler by artist Margaret Woodward is held by the State Library of New South Wales.[13]

Following her death, Prime Minister Tony Abbott offered Bandler's family a state funeral.[14]

gollark: Can it be rewritten in Rust?
gollark: What's gnulib exactly? Some foolish C library?
gollark: Ah, like my programs, except those are generally just not pleasant for literally anyone else.
gollark: I'll just say it has a silent unwritten U.
gollark: Well, if potatOS had U in it it could be made recursive.

References
  1. Tony Stephens, Profile, anu.edu.au; accessed 20 December 2015.
  2. "Famous Australians – Faith Bandler". Behind the News. Archived from the original on 2 January 2006. Retrieved 23 January 2006.
  3. "Faith Bandler Activist, author and inspiration". The Australian. 14 February 2014.
  4. Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  5. "Faith Bandler - Biographical Information". www.australianbiography.gov.au. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  6. Anne Summers (24 February 2015). "Faith and Feminism: Memorial Service for Faith Bandler, Great Hall Sydney University,". Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  7. Lake, Marilyn (2002). Faith: Faith Bandler, Gentle Activist. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-841-2.
  8. "Political activist and writer Faith Bandler AC dies aged 96". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  9. Moore, Clive R. "Bandler, Ida Lessing Faith (1918–2015)". Pacific Islander Biography. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
  10. "Faith Bandler aggregated collection of papers, 1875, 1945-2008". SLNSW catalogue. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  11. Franklin, Katie (27 January 2009). "Beazley heads Australia Day honours list". ABC News.
  12. "Faith Bandler awarded AC for indigenous campaign". 29 April 2009.
  13. "Faith Bandler, 1993/painted by Margaret Woodward". Catalogue entry. State Library of New South Wales. 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
  14. Australian Associated Press (14 February 2015). "Aboriginal rights activist Faith Bandler dies aged 96". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
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