FMN riboswitch

The FMN riboswitch (also known as RFN element) is a highly conserved RNA element that is found frequently in the 5'-untranslated regions of prokaryotic mRNAs that encode for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) biosynthesis and transport proteins.[1][2] This element is a metabolite-dependent riboswitch that directly binds FMN in the absence of proteins.[3] In Bacillus subtilis, the riboswitch controls gene expression by causing premature transcription termination within the 5' untranslated region of the ribDEAHT operon and precluding access to the ribosome-binding site of ypaA mRNA.[3][4]

A representation of the 3D structure of the FMN riboswitch. This derived from a crystal structure of the FMN riboswitch bound to FMN.[5]
FMN riboswitch (RFN element)
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of FMN
Identifiers
SymbolFMN
Alt. SymbolsRFN
RfamRF00050
Other data
RNA typeCis-reg; riboswitch
Domain(s)Bacteria
GO0010181
SO0000035
PDB structuresPDBe

References
  1. Vitreschak AG, Rodionov DA, Mironov AA, Gelfand MS (2002). "Regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and transport genes in bacteria by transcriptional and translational attenuation". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (14): 3141–3151. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf433. PMC 135753. PMID 12136096.
  2. Gelfand MS, Mironov AA, Jomantas J, Kozlov YI, Perumov DA (1999). "A conserved RNA structure element involved in the regulation of bacterial riboflavin synthesis genes". Trends Genet. 15 (11): 439–442. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(99)01856-9. PMID 10529804.
  3. Mironov, AS; Gusarov I; Rafikov R; Lopez LE; Shatalin K; Kreneva RA; Perumov DA; Nudler E (2002). "Sensing small molecules by nascent RNA: a mechanism to control transcription in bacteria". Cell. 111 (5): 747–756. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)01134-0. PMID 12464185.
  4. Winkler, WC; Cohen-Chalamish S; Breaker RR (2002). "An mRNA structure that controls gene expression by binding FMN". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99 (25): 15908–15913. doi:10.1073/pnas.212628899. PMC 138538. PMID 12456892.
  5. Serganov A, Huang L, Patel DJ (2009). "Coenzyme recognition and gene regulation by a flavin mononucleotide riboswitch". Nature. 458 (7235): 233–237. doi:10.1038/nature07642. PMC 3726715. PMID 19169240.
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