Eugene Hasenfus

Eugene H. Hasenfus (January 22, 1941)[1] is a former United States Marine who helped fly weapons shipments on behalf of the U.S. government to the right wing Contra death squads in Nicaragua. He was the sole survivor after his plane was shot down by the Nicaraguan government in 1986, and was sentenced to 30 years in prison for terrorism and other charges, but pardoned and released the same year. The statements he made to the Sandinista government resulted in a controversy in the U.S. government, after the Reagan administration denied any connection to him.[2][3][4]

Personal life

Eugene Hasenfus was born on January 22, 1941. In 1986, he lived in Marinette, Wisconsin.[2][3] The U.S. army described him as having joined the Marine Corps in May 1960 and having spent five years in the corps before receiving an honorable discharge.[1] At the time of his capture, he was married to Sally Hasenfus. He had a brother named William.[1]

Contra scandal

Capture
Further information: Corporate Air Services HPF821

On October 5, 1986, Hasenfus was aboard a Fairchild C-123 cargo plane, N4410F, when it was shot down over Nicaragua by the Sandinista government.[5] The aircraft was brought down when it was approximately 35 miles (56 km) north of the border with Costa Rica, and a little over 90 miles (140 km) southeast of Managua.[1] The plane had been flying weapons to the anti-Sandinista Contra rebels.[2] Three members of the flight crew were killed: Hasenfus was the only survivor.[2] The two pilots and a Nicaraguan radio operator died in the crash.[6] Hasenfus had been wearing a parachute, unusual for Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operatives at the time.[7] Hasenfus managed to dive out of the open cargo hatch of the plane after it was hit by the Nicaraguan missile; he was later captured while sleeping in a makeshift hammock made from his parachute.[4]

After he was captured by the Nicaraguan government, he stated at a press conference that he had previously dropped supplies to CIA agents in South-east Asia, and that flights into Nicaragua were directly supervised by the CIA.[2] His statement also included his recruitment by a friend in the CIA, an operation based in Ilopango airbase in El Salvador, supported by U.S. army colonel James Steele.[4] The CIA and the U.S. government of Ronald Reagan denied any connection with the flight, though they said they supported any civilian effort to support the Contras.[2] U.S. Secretary of State George Shultz stated that the plane had been paid for by private operators, and that none of the men on it had any connction to the U.S. government.[1] Hasenfus later repudiated his statement, saying that he was unaware if his fellow workers were employed by the CIA, and that he had only heard rumors to that effect. The men in question, Max Gomez and Ramon Medina, were Cuban Americans. The CIA had at the time been legally forbidden from helping the Contras by the U.S. Congress. Gomez and Medina had been identified as people who had helped organize covert arms supplies to the Contras.[3] Soon after his capture he said that the two men were friends of then-vice-President of the U.S. George H. W. Bush, but later retracted this statement as well, saying he was not sure. Hasenfus was charged with "terrorism, conspiracy and disturbing public security".[3] Hasenfus stated that he was sure, however, that the operation to supply the Contras with weapons, named Enterprise, was ultimately supervised by the U.S. government.[4] The capture of Hasenfus provided direct evidence of a link between the Contras, and the U.S. government and the Reagan White house; documents found on the dead men linked them to Oliver North.[8][7][9][4]

Sentencing and controversy

Hasenfus was tried in Nicaragua, and on November 15, 1986, sentenced to 30 years in prison for terrorism and other charges.[10][6] His wife Sally made a plea to Nicaraguan president Daniel Ortega for clemency.[6] Nicaraguan defense minister Humberto Ortega stated later that the sentence was not directed at Hasenfus himself, but toward the "irrational, unjust policy" of the U.S. government.[6] On December 17, 1986, Hasenfus was pardoned and released by the Nicaraguan government, at the request of U.S. Senator Christopher Dodd.[11] Hasenfus subsequently unsuccessfully sued US Air Force officer Richard Secord (involved with organizing weapons shipments to the Contras), Albert Hakim, Southern Air Transport and Corporate Air Services over issues relating to his capture and trial.[12] The controversy over the flight led U.S. House of Representatives Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill to launch an investigation into the flight.[2] The U.S. press generally believed that there was more to the story of Hasenfus than the Reagan administration had admitted; according to scholar Scott Armstrong, this had the effect of making them more skeptical of the U.S. government's initial denial of the weapons-for-hostages deal during the Iran-Contra affair.[8]

gollark: Well, that is *a* way, yes.
gollark: It's not a *maths* problem as much as a *can you look up one of the many, many tools to solve a simple task* problem.
gollark: The product of two prime numbers.
gollark: People go "AAAAAAAAA DIFFICULT MATHS AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA I HAVE NOT SEEN THIS BEFORE HELP ME IT IS VIRUS".
gollark: You would be *amazed* how many people completely fail to manage it.

References
  1. "Shultz Denies U.S. Link to Plane Downed in Nicaragua: Three Dead, Survivor Is From Wis". Los Angeles Times. October 7, 1986. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  2. "Nicaragua Downs Plane and Survivor Implicates C.I.A". The New York Times. October 12, 1986. Retrieved June 7, 2008.
  3. "Hasenfus Tempers Comments on CIA". The New York Times. November 3, 1986. Retrieved June 7, 2008.
  4. LeoGrande, William F. (2009). Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977–1992. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 477–480. ISBN 9780807898802.
  5. Omang, Joanne; Wilson, George C (October 9, 1986). "Questions About Plane's Origins Grow". Washington Post.
  6. Miller, Marjorie (November 16, 1986). "Hasenfus Receives 30-Year Sentence : American Gets Maximum Penalty After Nicaragua Terrorism Conviction". LA Times. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  7. McPherson, Alan L. (2006). Intimate Ties, Bitter Struggles: The United States and Latin America Since 1945. Potomac Books. pp. 102–110. ISBN 9781574888751.
  8. Armstrong, Scott (1990). "Iran-contra: Was the press any match for all the president's men?". Columbia Journalism Review. 29 (1).
  9. Furlong, William L. (Summer 1987). "Costa Rica: Caught between Two Worlds". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 29 (2): 119–154. JSTOR 166075.
  10. "Hasenfus Sentence Confirmed". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  11. Kinzer, Stephen (December 18, 1986). "Hasenfus is Freed by Nicaraguans and Heads Home". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
  12. Hasenfus v. Secord, 962 F.2d 1556 (1992).
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