Ethylene diurea

Ethylene diurea
Names
	IUPAC name 1,1’-(1,2-Ethanediyl)diurea
	Other names Ethanediurea; 1,1'-Ethylenebisurea
Identifiers
CAS Number	1852-14-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	67189;
ECHA InfoCard	100.015.856
PubChem CID	74614;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0051819 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H10N4O2/c5-3(9)7-1-2-8-4(6)10/h1-2H2,(H3,5,7,9)(H3,6,8,10) Key: ZUTJDJAXWKOOOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; InChI=1/C4H10N4O2/c5-3(9)7-1-2-8-4(6)10/h1-2H2,(H3,5,7,9)(H3,6,8,10) Key: ZUTJDJAXWKOOOI-UHFFFAOYAH;
	SMILES O=C(NCCNC(=O)N)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H10N4O2
Molar mass	146.150 g·mol−1
Melting point	192 °C (378 °F; 465 K)[1]
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	Infobox references

Ethylene diurea (EDU) is a chemical compound with the formula C₄H₁₀N₄O₂. It has been analyzed by several groups to determine whether it is a successful antiozonant. If so, this substance would help crops by preventing the harmful effects on crops by ozone. In an experiment run in 2002 by scientists at Alberta Environment, it was determined that EDU did one of two things: the substance either prevented the harmful effects of ozone, or it stimulated plant growth.[2]

In an experiment run in 2012, a group at the Institute of Plant Protection examined trees that were exposed to ambient ozone and trees that were treated with EDU. The study determined that trees treated with EDU were significantly healthier in both leaf longevity and water use efficiency. This further shows this compounds helps defend plants from the harmful effects of ozone.[3]

In another experiment in Spain in 1999, a group working at Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals found that the effectiveness of EDU was dependent upon many different environmental factors. They took data at three different stations, each with different meteorological conditions and ozone concentrations. They found that EDU helped protect against ozone effects but with different levels.[4]

References

Bachmann, W. E.; Horton, W. J.; Jenner, E. L.; MacNaughton, N. W.; Maxwell, C. E. (1950). "The Nitration of Derivatives of Ethylenediamine1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (7): 3132–3134. doi:10.1021/ja01163a090. ISSN 0002-7863.
Archambualt, Daniel; Li, Xiaomei (January 2002). "Evaluation of the Anti-oxidant Ethylene Diurea (EDU) as a protectant against Ozone effects on Crops" (PDF). Alberta Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-09. Retrieved 2012-10-12. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Hoshika Y, Omasa K, Paoletti E (2012). "Whole-tree water use efficiency is decreased by ambient ozone and not affected by O3-induced stomatal sluggishness". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e39270. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039270. PMC 3377656. PMID 22723982.
Ribas, A.; Peñuelas, J. (2000). "Effects of Ethylene diurea as a protective antiozonant on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv Lit) exposed to different tropospheric ozone doses in Catalonia (NE Spain)". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 117 (1/4): 263–271. doi:10.1023/A:1005138120490. ISSN 0049-6979.

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[BachmannHorton1950-1] Bachmann, W. E.; Horton, W. J.; Jenner, E. L.; MacNaughton, N. W.; Maxwell, C. E. (1950). "The Nitration of Derivatives of Ethylenediamine1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (7): 3132–3134. doi:10.1021/ja01163a090. ISSN 0002-7863.

[2] Archambualt, Daniel; Li, Xiaomei (January 2002). "Evaluation of the Anti-oxidant Ethylene Diurea (EDU) as a protectant against Ozone effects on Crops" (PDF). Alberta Environment. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-09. Retrieved 2012-10-12. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[3] Hoshika Y, Omasa K, Paoletti E (2012). "Whole-tree water use efficiency is decreased by ambient ozone and not affected by O3-induced stomatal sluggishness". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e39270. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039270. PMC 3377656. PMID 22723982.

[RibasPeñuelas2000-4] Ribas, A.; Peñuelas, J. (2000). "Effects of Ethylene diurea as a protective antiozonant on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris cv Lit) exposed to different tropospheric ozone doses in Catalonia (NE Spain)". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 117 (1/4): 263–271. doi:10.1023/A:1005138120490. ISSN 0049-6979.