Erythrinus erythrinus

Erythrinus erythrinus, the red wolf fish, is a relatively small species of trahira (family Erythrinidae) from freshwater habitats in South America.[2]

Erythrinus erythrinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Erythrinidae
Genus: Erythrinus
Species:
E. erythrinus
Binomial name
Erythrinus erythrinus
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Synonyms [1]
  • Synodus erythrinus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
  • Erythrinus brevicauda Günther, 1864
  • Erythrinus longipinnis Günther, 1864
  • Erythrinus salmoneus Gray, 1854

Range and habitat

E. erythrinus is a South American freshwater fish that is native to the Amazon and Orinoco basins, as well as rivers in the Guianas.[2] The species is also reported as native to the Paraná—Paraguay basin, including the Pantanal,[3][4] but the population in the lower Paraná basin and Iguazu basin may be an undescribed species.[5] E. erythrinus has been introduced to the upper Paraná basin where not native.[6] It mainly lives in creeks and marshes where the water has a pH of 5.6–7.8.[2]

Appearance and behavior

E. erythrinus can reach a maximum standard length of 20 cm (7.9 in), although other reports suggest it can reach about 25 cm (10 in).[2]

It feeds primarily on small fish, insects, and benthic crustaceans.[7] Juveniles are aggressive mimics of female aplocheilid killifish, notably Laimosemion agilae, and they use this to catch male killifish that seek a mate.[8]

E. erythrinus is not of major interest to fisheries, but is sometimes used as a bait fish[5] and seen in the aquarium fish trade.[2]

Taxonomy

It was described by Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Schneider in 1801,[9] originally under the lizardfish genus Synodus. The species was first placed in Erythrinus in 1854 by Gray (under the name Erythrinus salmoneus, a junior synonym of Erythrinus erythrinus), and this treatment has been recognized by recent authorities such as Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa in 2003.[10]

gollark: Who even knows. If you stretch the definitions a bit, fire and stars are life.
gollark: I mean, Conway's Game of Life is Turing-complete and has self-replicators, those are "life".
gollark: It could probably exist in basically any with sufficiently... something... rules, given a broad enough definition of "life".
gollark: I read somewhere that if we had four dimensions and similar physics things would be too unstable to work, and two dimensions doesn't really provide enough connectivity to do much, but I don't think you can give much of a meaningful answer beyond "it just is".
gollark: By "long", I mean "more than about 3 minutes", unless they are very interesting all the way through.

References
  1. Synonyms of Erythrinus erythrinus at www.fishbase.org.
  2. Erythrinus erythrinus at www.fishbase.org.
  3. Britski, de Silimon, and Lopes (2007). Peixes do Pantanal: manual de identificação. Brasília, Embrapa Informação. ISBN 978-85-7383-388-1
  4. Martins, Cioffi, Troy, Martinez, Moreira-Filho, and Bertollo (2014). Differentiation and evolutionary relationships in Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): occurrence and distribution of B chromosomes. Genetics and Molecular Research 13(3): 7094—7101.
  5. Casciotta, Almirón, Ciotek, Giorgis, Říčan, Piálek, Dragová, Croci, Montes Iwaszkiw, and Puentes (2016). Visibilizando lo invisible. Un relevamiento de la diversidad de peces del Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. Historia Natural, Tercera Serie, 6(2): 5—77.
  6. Garcia, Hernandes, Silva-Souza, and Orsi (2015). Establishment of non-native predator (Pisces, Erythrinidae) in a tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin, south Brazil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 10(3): 177-181.
  7. Recorded food items for Erythrinus erythrinus at www.fishbase.org.
  8. Brosset, A. (1997). Aggressive Mimicry by the Characid Fish Erythrinus erythrinus. Ethology 103(11): 926–934.
  9. Bloch, M. E. and J. G. Schneider 1801 [ref. 471] M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider, Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Auctoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum. M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae.: i-lx + 1-584, Pls. 1-110.
  10. Oyakawa, O. T. 2003 Erythrinidae (Trahiras). p. 238-240. In R. E. Reis, S. O. Kullander and C. J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
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