Erich Loewenhardt

Erich Loewenhardt (7 April 1897 – 10 August 1918) was the 3rd highest German flying ace with 54 victories during the First World War, behind only Manfred von Richthofen and Ernst Udet.

Erich Loewenhardt
Oblt. Erich Loewenhardt wearing his Pour le Mérite, Iron Cross First Class, and The Prussian Pilot's Badge.
Born7 April 1897
Breslau, Silesia, German Empire
Died10 August 1918 (1918-08-11) (aged 21) †
near Chaulnes, France
Allegiance German Empire
Service/branchLuftstreitkräfte
Years of service1914–1918
RankOberleutnant
UnitFA(A) 265,Jagdstaffel 10
AwardsIron Cross (both classes), Knight's Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern, Pour le Mérite, Austro-Hungarian Military Merit Cross

Early life and service

Loewenhardt was born in Breslau, Silesia, German Empire on 7 April 1897, the son of a doctor. He received his education at a military school in Lichterfelde. He was 17 when hostilities erupted in August 1914 and was assigned to the German Army's Infantry Regiment Nr. 141; he saw infantry action on the Eastern Front with them. Young Loewenhardt was wounded near Łódź but remained on duty as standard bearer for his regiment as it fought in the Battle of Tannenberg. As reward for his courage,[1] on 2 October 1914 he was commissioned. On 30 October he was both wounded and decorated with the Iron Cross Second Class. After convalescing, he returned to his unit in the Carpathians. In early 1915 he received the Iron Cross 1st Class for saving the lives of five wounded men. Loewenhardt then transferred to the Alpine Corps[2] on the Italian Front. However, he fell ill and was invalided from service as unfit for duty.[1]

Aerial service

After five months' recuperation,[1] Loewenhardt volunteered for the Imperial German Army Air Service and qualified as an aerial observer. He then completed pilot training in 1916. Service in two-seaters with Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) (Flier Detachment (Artillery)) 265 followed. In January 1917, he underwent conversion training for fighters. He joined a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 10 in March 1917. On 24 March 1917, Loewenhardt scored his first confirmed aerial victory, destroying an enemy observation balloon over Recicourt.[2]

Loewenhardt was an aggressive, skilled fighter whose score grew steadily. During this period, he flew Albatros and Pfalz planes. By the end of September he was an ace. He survived a forced landing on 20 September with a minor wound; the next day, he shot down his fifth victim. He posted two more claims in October, one of which was confirmed. On 6 November, his aircraft's lower wing was damaged during combat over Winkel Saint Eloi at 0830 hours,[2] a dud antiaircraft shell smashing his left wingtip without exploding. Loewenhardt pulled his craft out of the resulting spin at 15 meters altitude, wheels down, and bounced into a tumbling wreck. He exited the wreckage shaken but otherwise unharmed.[1] On 30 November 1917, he closed out his year with his eighth confirmed victory; he was credited with four balloons and four airplanes.[2]

Loewenhardt scored two more victims in January 1918: a balloon and a Bristol F.2 Fighter. In March, he added five more. On 1 April, just before his 21st birthday, he was appointed to command Jasta 10.[2] The next month, Jasta 10 re-equipped with new Fokker D.VIIs.[1] Loewenhardt continued to score; on 10 May, he destroyed an observation balloon for his 20th victory[2] and became eligible for the Pour le Merite.[3] The next day, he was awarded the Knight's Cross with Swords of the House Order of Hohenzollern; he also received the Austro-Hungarian Empire's Military Merit Cross. The Pour le Merite (commonly called the Blue Max) came on 31 May 1918, when Loewenhardt's tally had reached 24.[2]

By now, Loewenhardt was locked into an "ace race" with Ernst Udet and Lothar von Richthofen for the honor of being the top scoring ace in their fighter wing. The rivalry between Loewenhardt and the younger Richthofen was a friendly one, as they often flew as wingmen.[1][4] Jasta 10 belonged to The Flying Circus, and when the wing commander's spot came open on 29 June 1918, Oberleutnant Loewenhardt was tapped for temporary command of it. By then, his tally stood at 27. When he surrendered the JG I command on 6 July, it had risen to 34. By the end of July 1918, Loewenhardt's total was 48: 9 balloons and 39 airplanes.[2]

Death in action

On 8 August, the Allied Forces launched the war's final offensive against the Germans. The British Royal Air Force led the assault, and Loewenhardt downed three of their airplanes. On the 9th, he shot down two more.[2] On the 10th, flying despite a badly sprained ankle, Loewenhardt launched his yellow Fokker D.VII on a mid-day sortie leading a patrol heavily weighted with rookie pilots.[1] He encountered No. 56 Squadron RAF and shot down a Royal Aircraft Factory SE.5a over Chaulnes, France at 1215 hours for his 54th victory. In the aftermath of the combat, he collided with another German pilot, Leutnant Alfred Wenz from Jasta 11.[2] Loewenhardt's Fokker's landing gear slammed the upper right wing on Wenz's D.VII.[1] Both pilots' planes were equipped with parachutes and both pilots bailed out. Erich Loewenhardt's chute failed to open and he fell to his death.[2]

Having scored 14 of his victories in the Pfalz D.III, he was the most successful pilot in the type.

Correct name spelling

The correct spelling of Erich's last name is Loewenhardt. Lowenhardt and Löwenhardt have been used but are both incorrect. This is a common mistake as "ö" is regularly translated to "oe" or "o" in English. Many make the assumption that a change in spelling during translation has occurred and inadvertently misspell the name while trying to undo the translation. It is of Dutch-German heritage. The general public during his life up to the current day are highly liable to make this mistake in written media due to these incorrect assumptions. Both his grave stone and the street in Berlin named after him (loewenhardtdamm) are spelt in this way.

Awards and decorations

Endnotes
  1. Acepilots.com website page on Löwenhardt
  2. Franks et al 1993, pp. 158-159.
  3. Orden Pour le Merite website page Air Pour le Merite Winners .
  4. Lothar von Richthofen's webpage on The Aerodrome .
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References
  • Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W.; Guest, Russell. Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps, 1914–1918. Grub Street, 1993. ISBN 0-948817-73-9, ISBN 978-0-948817-73-1.
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