Epinephelus heniochus

Epinephelus heniochus, the bridled grouper or threeline rockcod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is native to the tropical western Pacific Ocean.

Epinephelus heniochus

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Genus: Epinephelus
Species:
E. heniochus
Binomial name
Epinephelus heniochus
Fowler, 1904
Synonyms[2]

Epinephelus hata Katayama, 1953

Description

Epinephelus heniochus has a body which has a standard length that is 2.7 to 3.1 times its depth. The area between the eyes is slightly convex whereas the dorsal profile of the head is markedly convex. The preopercle is sharply angled with 2-4 large spines located at its angle.[3] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 14-15 sot rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and soft rays. [2] The upper heaqd and body are pale brown, fading to whitish or pale pink on the lower head and body. A minority of individuals have very small brownish black spots on the body and posterior part of the head. There is an indisinct dark brown stripe which runs from the eve to rear margin of the gill cover and another darker stripe which runs from the lower edge of eye to the subopercle while a third stripe runs from front of the eye and sips between the preopercle and the gill cover. The pectoral fins are translucent greyish yellow and the lower section of caudal fin is sometimes darker than the remainder of fin. The membranes between dorsal fin spines have a yellow margin.[3] This species attains a maximum total length of 55 centimetres (22 in).[1]

Distribution

Epinephelus heniochus occurs in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean from the [[Anadaman Sea[[ and the Gulf of Thailand to New Britain in Papua New Guinea, south to the Arafura Sea, Timor Sea and Gulf of Carpentaria coasts of Australia and north to Japan and South Korea.[1]

Habitat and biology

Epinephelus heniochus is found at depths from 40 to 235 metres (131 to 771 ft) over substratces consisting of mud or silty sand.[1] There is almost no published information on the biology of this species.[2]

Taxonomy

Epinephelus heniochus was first formally described in 1904 by the American ichthyologist Henry Weed Fowler (1878-1965) with the type locality given as Padang on Sumatra.[4]

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References
  1. Russell, B. (2018). "Epinephelus heniochus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T132798A100545653. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132798A100545653.en. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). "Epinephelus heniochus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. Heemstra, P.C. & J.E. Randall (1993). FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date (PDF). FAO Fish. Synopsis. 125 (16). FAO, Rome. pp. 164–165. ISBN 92-5-103125-8.
  4. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "Epinephelus heniochus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 Juley 2020. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
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