Epiactis ritteri

Epiactis ritteri
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Cnidaria
Class:	Anthozoa
Order:	Actiniaria
Family:	Actiniidae
Genus:	Epiactis
Species:	E. ritteri
Binomial name
	Epiactis ritteri; Torrey, 1902[1]

Epiactis ritteri, the sandy anemone or Ritter's brooding anemone, is a species of sea anemone in the family Actiniidae. It is found in the Pacific Ocean on the western coast of North America in the shallow sub-littoral zone.

Description

Epiactis ritteri is very flat when retracted with a wide, flared pedal base, and can measure 5 cm (2 in) wide and 1 cm (0.4 in) high. The column is unarmed with acontia and has no tubercles, but has some small adhesive warts to which sand or other fragments may stick. There may be radiating lines on the pedal disc at the base of the column. There are broad white markings on the oral disc near the base of the tentacles but these do not extends as far as the mouth, a fact which distinguishes it from the rather similar Epiactis prolifera. The general colour of this anemone is reddish-brown to brown.[2]

Biology

It is likely that this species is largely inbred because it does not have a planktonic stage in its life history. It is s simultaneous hermaphrodite, producing eggs and retaining them in the body cavity where they are fertilised. When the larvae are sufficiently developed, with their tentacles starting to grow, they emerge through the parent's mouth as juvenile anemones and crawl away to settle nearby.[3]

gollark: I doubt that many people per year sit the exams though.

gollark: It's at least that order of magnitude.

gollark: Top 1000 out of how many though? There are something like 50k university entrants a year *here*.

gollark: It's not like most people are hyper-productive continuously.

gollark: Mentally punishing yourself then.

References

Fautin, Daphne (2015). "Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Cowles, Dave. "Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902". Walla Walla University. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Thornhill, Nancy Wilmsen (1993). The Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. University of Chicago Press. pp. 235–237. ISBN 978-0-226-79855-4.

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[WoRMS-1] Fautin, Daphne (2015). "Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 23 October 2017.

[Cowles-2] Cowles, Dave. "Epiactis ritteri Torrey, 1902". Walla Walla University. Retrieved 23 October 2017.

[Thornhill-3] Thornhill, Nancy Wilmsen (1993). The Natural History of Inbreeding and Outbreeding: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. University of Chicago Press. pp. 235–237. ISBN 978-0-226-79855-4.