Empress Ma (Jianwen)

Empress Ma (1378–1402), formally Empress Xiaominrang (孝愍讓皇后), was the Empress Consort to Jianwen Emperor and the second Empress Consort of China's Ming dynasty.[1]

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ma (馬).
Empress Xiaominrang
孝愍讓皇后
Empress Consort of Ming China
Reign1398 – 1402
PredecessorEmpress Xiaocigao
SuccessorEmpress Renxiaowen
Born1378
Yingtian, Nanjing
Died1402 (aged 23–24)
SpouseJianwen Emperor
IssueZhu Wenkui
Zhu Wengui
Posthumous name
Empress Xiàomǐn wēnzhēn zhéruì sùliè xiāngtiān bìshèng ràng
孝愍溫貞哲睿肅烈襄天弼聖讓皇后

Family background

Born in 1378, Ma was the daughter of an official from the town of Yingtian in modern Nanjing named Ma Quan (馬全). She married Zhu Yunwen, grandson of the Hongwu Emperor, and was proclaimed Crown Princess (Chinese: 皇太孙妃; pinyin: Huángtài sūn fēi) in 1395.[2]

As Empress

Zhu Yunmen ascended the throne in 1398 and Ma was instated as the Empress Xiaominrang in the second month of his reign.[3] She had two sons, Zhu Wenkui, Crown Prince Hejian and Zhu Wengui, Prince Huai of Run, both posthumously honored.

Death

In 1402, Zhu Di sacked Nanjing and set fire to the palace, where Empress Xiaominrang died.[4]

gollark: I should really have improved quick sort.c with the gibson style guide.
gollark: Ah, well, quick sort.c produces *no* warnings in that.
gollark: Yes.
gollark: Neither does quick sort.c!
gollark: So instead of `int*` you should be doing `int** const*`.

References

Citations
  1. "Ma (3) – (c1377 – 1395): Chinese empress consort". Retrieved 11 January 2013.
  2. Zhang (1739), Historical Biography 1
  3. Zhang (1739), Historical Biography 1
  4. Zhang (1739), Historical Biography 1

Sources
Works cited
Chinese royalty
Preceded by
Empress Xiaocigao		 Empress of China
1399–1402		 Succeeded by
Empress Renxiaowen
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