Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany

Elizabeth of Carinthia (also known as Elizabeth of Tyrol; c. 1262 – 28 October 1312), was a Duchess of Austria from 1282 and Queen of Germany from 1298 until 1308, by marriage to the Habsburg king Albert I.

For the Queen of Sicily, see Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Sicily.

Elizabeth of Carinthia
Queen consort of Germany
Tenure	27 July 1298 – 1 May 1308
Born	c. 1262 Munich, Bavaria
Died	28 October 1312 Königsfelden, Swabia
Burial	Saint Paul's Abbey, Carinthia
Spouse	Albert I of Germany
Issue Detail	Rudolph I of Bohemia Frederick the Fair Leopold I, Duke of Austria Albert II, Duke of Austria Henry the Gentle Otto, Duke of Austria Anna, Margravine of Brandenburg Agnes, Queen of Hungary Elizabeth, Duchess of Lorraine Catherine, Duchess of Calabria
House	House of Gorizia
Father	Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia
Mother	Elisabeth of Bavaria

Life

Born in Munich, Bavaria, she was the eldest daughter of Count Meinhard of Gorizia-Tyrol, and Elizabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany, widow of the late Hohenstaufen king Conrad IV of Germany.

Elizabeth thus was a half-sister of Conradin, King of Jerusalem and Duke of Swabia. Elizabeth was in fact better connected to powerful German rulers than her future husband: a descendant of earlier monarchs, for example Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, she was also a niece of the Bavarian dukes,[1] Austria's important neighbors.

Duchess and Queen

Queen Elizabeth, donor portrait, 15th century

She was married in Vienna on 20 December 1274 to Count Albert of Habsburg, eldest son and heir of the newly elected King Rudolf I of Germany, thus becoming daughter-in-law of the King of the Romans and Emperor-to-be. After Rudolf had defeated his rival King Ottokar II of Bohemia in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld, he invested his son Albert with the duchies of Austria and Styria at the Imperial Diet in Augsburg on 17 December 1282.

Albert initially had to share the rule with his younger brother Rudolf II, who nevertheless had to waive his rights according to the Treaty of Rheinfelden the next year. Duke Albert and Elizabeth solidified their rule in what was to become the Habsburg "hereditary lands", also with the help of Elizabeth's father Meinhard, who in his turn was created Duke of Carinthia by King Rudolf I in 1286.

Elizabeth was described as shrewd and enterprising, in possession of some commercial talents. The construction of the Saline plant in Salzkammergut goes back to her suggestion.

Upon the death of Albert's father in 1291, the princes elected Count Adolf of Nassau German king, while Duke Albert himself became entangled in internal struggles with the Austrian nobility. Not until Adolf's deposition in 1298, Elizabeth's husband was finally elected King of the Romans on 23 June 1298. Two weeks later, Adolf was defeated and killed in the Battle of Göllheim. In 1299, Elizabeth was crowned Queen of the Romans in Nuremberg.

Königsfelden monastery church

Later life

On 1 May 1308 her husband was murdered by his nephew John "the Parricide" near Windisch, Swabia (in modern-day Switzerland). After Albert's assassination, Elizabeth had the Poor Clare monastery of Königsfelden erected at the site, where she died on 28 October 1312 and was also buried.[2] Today her mortal remains rest at Saint Paul's Abbey in Carinthia.

Issue

Elizabeth's and Albert's children were:

1. Rudolf III (ca. 1282 – 4 July 1307), married but line extinct. He predeceased his father.
2. Frederick I (1289 – 13 January 1330). Married but line extinct.
3. Leopold I (4 August 1290 – 28 February 1326, Strassburg).
4. Albert II (12 December 1298, Vienna – 20 July 1358, Vienna).
5. Henry the Gentle (1299 – 3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Married but line extinct.
6. Meinhard, 1300 died young.
7. Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna – 26 February 1339, Vienna). Married but line extinct.
8. Anna 1275?, Vienna – 19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
   1. in Graz ca. 1295 to Margrave Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel;
   2. in Breslau 1310 to Duke Heinrich VI of Breslau.
9. Agnes (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.
10. Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine.
11. Catherine (1295 – 18 January 1323, Naples), married 1316 Charles, Duke of Calabria.
12. Jutta (d. 1329), married in Baden 26 March 1319 Count Ludwig VI of Öttingen.

References

1. A list of her maternal ancestors
2. Cawley, Charles, CARINTHIA, Medieval Lands, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,

Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Germany House of Gorizia Born: c. 1262 Died: 28 October 1312
Preceded by Imagina of Isenburg-Limburg	Queen consort of Germany 1298 – 1308	Succeeded by Margaret of Brabant