Ein Zeitim

Ein Zeitim (Hebrew: עין זיתים‎, lit. Spring of Olives) was an agricultural settlement about 2 km north of Safed first established in 1891.[1]

Ein Zeitim

History
Northern suburbs of Safed (2018, white text and light grey streets) overlaid on a Survey of Palestine map from 1942 (black text, red urban areas and black streets), showing the relative location of Ein Zeitim with the Palestinian villages of Biriyya and Ein al-Zeitun.
Villages around Safad, 1945

Ein Zeitim was founded by members of the Dorshei Zion (Seekers of Zion) society, a Zionist pioneer group from Minsk.[2] Despite strong opposition by the Turkish government, the settlers managed to establish farms with olive groves, orchards and dairy and poultry.[3]

Ein Zeitim was built 800m north of the Arab village Ein al-Zeitun, which had commonly been called Ein Zeitim in Hebrew and had been a mixed Arab-Jewish village during the Middle Ages.[4]

In 1891 some speculators bought 430 hectares of land about 3 km north of Safed, and sold it to a party of laborers. Unable to work the land properly, the new owners transferred it to Baron de Rothschild, with whose assistance 750,000 vines and many fruit-trees were planted in the course of six or seven years, and during this time a number of houses were built. The population in 1898 was 51.[5]

The village was abandoned during the first World War and only a handful of residents returned at the end of the war.[6] The 1922 census of Palestine recorded a population of 37 inhabitants, consisting of 30 Jews and 7 Muslims.[7] During the 1929 Palestine riots, three residents were killed and the remainder left.[6] Six Muslims and one Jew were recorded there in 1931, living in four houses.[8] An attempt to revive the village in 1933 failed.[6]

Builders in Kibbutz Ein Zeitim, 1947

In 1946 the village was reestablished after the Jewish National Fund acquired the land.[6] It had a population of 100 in 1947,[3] but by the end of 1951 the population had fallen to 40.[9] Eventually, it ceased to be populated and it became part of a military base.

View of Ein Zeitim. 1947
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References
  1. Jacob Goldstein (April 1998). From fighters to soldiers: how the Israeli defense forces began. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-902210-02-5. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  2. Jewish rural settlement in Cyprus 1882–1935: A “springboard” or a destiny?
  3. Jewish National Fund (1949). Jewish Villages in Israel. Jerusalem: Hamadpis Liphshitz Press. pp. 40–41.
  4. Alex Carmel; Peter Schafer; Yossi Ben-Artzi (1990). The Jewish Settlement in Palestine, 634-1881. Wiesbaden : Reichert. p. 94.; for location, "Safad 1:100000" map by Dept. of Lands & Surveys, 1935.
  5. Herman Rosenthal (1901), "Agricultural Colonies in Palestine", Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. 1
  6. "Three new villages in N. Palestine". Palestine Post. January 18, 1946. p. 1.
  7. J. B. Barron, ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine. p. 41 Table XI.
  8. E. Mills, ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. p. 106.
  9. Government of Israel, Government Year-book 5713 (1952), Supplement page VI.

Further reading

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