Economy of Baku

The economy of Baku covers the issues related to the economy of the city of Baku, capital of Azerbaijan. Historically, Baku has been the center of the country's economic life because it is located on the coast of the Caspian Sea of the Caucasus region as an international junction of land and sea trade routes.

Industry

Industrial production from January–November 2017, including large and small businesses, was 29.9 billion manat or 3.7% less than the same period of the previous year.

Food production in the manufacturing sector increased by 2.0%, drinks by 23.4%, production of textile industry by 9.9%, clothing industry by 10.3%, leather goods, footwear production by 61.3%, paper and cardboard production by 27.9%, chemical production by 44.7%, production of pharmaceutical products by 2.6 times, production of Rubber and Plastics Products by 8.4%, production of building materials by 18.1%, metallurgy industry by 5.1%, electrical equipment production by 14.1%, machinery and its materials production by 47.1%, furniture production by 37.9%, jewelry, musical instruments, sport and medical equipment by 30,1%.

The volume of production increased by 24.3% in the sector of production distribution and supply of electricity, gas, and steam, water supply, waste treatment and processing sector by 20.9%.

The large part of the industrial products was sent to consumers, as of December 1, 2017, the final product covered 181.9 million manat in the warehouses of industrial enterprises, taking into account the reserves of previous years.

In January–November 2017, 12,331.2 million manat or 3.35% fewer funds than in comparison the same period of 2016 were directed to capital assets. 8841.9 million manat or 71.7% of the funds directed to the capital assets were used for the construction and installation work.[1][2]

Industrial production indexes ( fixed prices, percentage)
2016 2017
Period Compared to the same period of the previous year

(%)

Compared to the same month of the previous year

(%)

Compared to the same period of the previous year

(%)

Compared to the same month of the previous year

(%)

January 96.6 96.6 98.7 98.7
January – February 99.9 102.4 95.2 92.5
January–March 99.3 99.8 93.5 85.5
January–April 99.5 101,7 94,4 97,3
January–May 100,3 103,4 94,7 96,9
January–June 101,8 112,9 94,3 92,9
January–July 101,3 103,0 94,4 95,6
January–August 101,3 102,4 93,8 91,4
January–September 100,1 93,0 94,9 104,1
January–October 99,9 96.5 95,7 106,1
January–November 99,4 94,8 96,3 105,2
January–December 99,7 104,7

Heavy industry

Oil and gas extraction, shipbuilding, steel, mechanical engineering and chemical industry are the main branches of heavy industry in Baku. In addition, the city's industry has specialized in oil-gas equipment manufacturing. The enterprises such as Baku deep seawater piles plant (Sahil settlement), named after Sattar khan, the Keshla engineering plant, and Binagadi clay and steel plants produce the necessary parts for oil exploration and production. Baku Steel Company is capable of meeting the local demand to cast steel which was previously imported from abroad. It has two electric arc furnaces and three rolling lines, with the annual steel production capacity of 1,000,000 tonnes. Currently, the company manufactures rebars, square billets, round billets, channels, rolled wire, angle bars, I-beams, square and round rods, and other related products. Baku Steel Construction OJSC and Steel Structures LLC and several other plants produce various products for the construction industry. There are also radio electronics factories, car and shipbuilding plants operating in the city. Gozdak, Shuvalan, and Korgöz quarries that are located around the city manufacture sawn stones. Ferroconcrete, asbestos, and brick construction plants, and the Garadagh cement plant produce materials for the construction industry.[3]

Light industry

Clothing industry constitutes a considerably important part of the light industry of the city. At the same time, there are shoe and leather plants in Baku. Baku-Glass LLC (production of bottles for juice and alcoholic beverages), Baku Sewing House (production of Coat, jacket, suit and other everyday casual clothes), Caucasus Paper Industry LLC (One of largest producers of cleansing and hygienic paper in Azerbaijan and South Caucasus) and other enterprises are operating in the city.[4]

Mining industry

The total cost of production in the mining industry decreased by 3.6% compared to January–November of the previous year and amounted to 24.4 billion manat.

81.5% of the industrial production was produced in the mining sector, 16.2% in the manufacturing sector, 1.6% in electricity, gas and steam production, distribution and supply sector, 0.7% in the water supply, waste treatment and processing sector.

Extraction of crude oil, the main product of the field was 34.9 million tons, natural gas commodity extraction was 16.6 billion kub meter.

Oil production in the mining sector decreased by 6.2%, as well as commercial gas production decreased by 2.2%.

Main types of products produced in the mining industry
Product types Produced in January–November 2017 Compared to the same period of the previous year (%) Ready stockpile for 01.12.2017
Crude oil and natural gas extraction
Crude oil (including gas condensate), thsd tons 34 889,8 93,8 216,0
Natural gas, million cubic meters 16 551,4 97,8 -
Product types Produced in January–November 2017 Compared to the same period of the previous year (%) Ready stockpile for 01.12.2017
Other mining industry products
Limestone for construction, thousand tons 112,3 80,4 -
Gravel, crushed stone/road metal 31 942,6 167,6 -
Gypsum and anhydride, ton 19 739,8 130,0 2 585,6

The total value of production in the oil field was 2469.2 million manat, having decreased by 9.2% in comparison with January–November of the previous year. Production of petrol increased by 4.7%, petroleum coke by 6.8%, bitumen production by 22.7%, lubricating oil by 3.7 times, as well as the production of diesel fuel decreased by 20%, production of mazut fuel oil by 42.6%, white petrolatum by 6.9%.[1]

Basic types of products in the field of oil production
Product types Produced in January–November 2017 Compared to the corresponding period of the previous year

(%)

Ready stockpile for 01.12.2017
Petrol (for automobile), thousand tons 1 097,6 104,7 55,2
Petrol for use in petrochemical industry, thousand tons 169,0 96,5 1,1
White petroleum, thousand tons 539,0 93,1 13,4
Diesel fuel, thousand tons 1 718,4 80,0 53,1
Mazut fuel oil, thousand tons 262,5 57,4 7,0
Lubricating oil, thousand tons 33,6 3,7 times 8,2
Bitumen production, thousand tons 208,8 122,7 2,9
Petroleum coke, thousand tons 197,5 106,8 1,3

Production industry

In January–November 2017, the manufacturing industry produced goods with total 4843.7 million manat and provided industrial services.

Dynamics of Production industry
Period Compared to the corresponding period of the previous year (%) Compared to the corresponding period of the previous year (%)
2016 2017
January 99,2 102.0
January – February 103,5 92.5
January – March 103,8 84.1
January – April 106,2 89.6
January – May 106.4 89.6
January –June 112,7 89,3
January – July 103.9 89,3
January – August 98.9 89,2
January – September 99.9 87,9
January – October 100.1 89,4
January – November 100.0 89,9
January- December 99.1 102,0

Agriculture

The agricultural sector of the economy of Baku is developed in the suburban areas around the city. As the city is located in semi-desert and dry steppe climate olive, pistachio, almond and saffron can be grown.[5]

2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Total area of sown agricultural crops (ha)                   
Potato 20 20 10 10 18 19
Vegetables 459 606 456 509 688 1196
Horticulture 13 10 10 11 11 11
Fruits and berries 1277 1466 1483 1526 2899 2927
Grapes 1498 1435 1441 1441 1300 1303
Productivity (in all categories of farming), ton
Potato 50 136 36 50 134 128
Vegetables 13868 23861 7561 8693 12812 53343
Horticulture 105 80 174 322 103 102
Fruits and berries 3972 6999 7125 6022 4688 5313
Grapes 14800 9600 8918 9433 7963 8009
Productivity (in all categories of farming), centner / ha
Potato 25 68 34 50 76 67
Vegetables 158 294 154 135 91 50
Horticulture 84 80 174 293 93 93
Fruits and berries 31.1 47.8 48.6 41.1 18.4 19.2
Grapes 23.1 47.8 39.9 47.8 41.2 40.8
Number of Livestock (in total)
Cattle including cows and buffaloes 5343 5963 6203 6022 8289 8341
Sheep and goats 2755 2710 3155 2826 3880 4360
Pigs 15938 16480 16466 13540 18872 18359
Birds 578 438 447 422 125 152
Production of animal products, ton 393465 334126 298699 557474 504016 875447
Meat 1180 1994 1996 2302 2434 2406
Milk 3799 5082 3910 4058 4245 4669
Eggs 10252 7301 5597 9678 7458 7391
Wool 36 36 31 31 27 31

Construction

The construction of Baku Higher Oil School new campus, new administrative building of Narimanov District Court, bridge in the Pirallahi district, “Pirallahi” Solar Power Plant, Balakhani Industrial Park, Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway, Pirshagi-Novkhani road, Binagadi-Novkhani-Corat highway completed in Baku in January–November 2017.

12331.2 million manat or 3.3% less in comparison with the corresponding period of the previous year was directed to the capital assets from all financial sources for the development of the economic and social spheres of the city in January–November 2017.

35.1% of the total capital was invested by the state, and 64.9% belonged to non-state investors.

71.7% of funds directed to capital assets were spent on construction works.[6]

The cost of construction works carried out by construction companies in January–November 2017
Total

Thousand manat

Compared to the corresponding period of the previous year

(%)

Baku-total 5 130 130,0 104,0
Including regions:
Binəqədi 227 090,3 97,9
Xətai 858 471,7 103,9
Xəzər 100 992,8 3,9 d.
Qaradağ 492 102,9 120,5
Nərimanov 476 879,7 112,3
Nəsimi 1 047 540,8 123,5
Nizami 168 072,8 43,2
Sabunçu 114 550,7 163,7
Səbail 1 073 628,0 85,7
Suraxanı 47 033,7 88,0
Yasamal 523 766,7 131,1

Metallurgy

Baku is considered one the largest metallurgy centers in Azerbaijan due to the availability of various metal wastes, local energy resources (oil and natural gas), experienced staff, and a huge labor force. The city has specialized in the production of both non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy.[7]

Transportation

According to the January–November 2017 data, freight transportation by road increased by 1.6% in comparison with the previous year and was 5,3021.2 thousand tons. In addition, passenger transportation increased by 0,1%, and was 623024,1 thousand passengers.

The number of passengers using metro services increased 5.3% in comparison with the previous year and was 207.6 million.[8]

Activity of subway transportation
November–January

2017

November–January

2016

%
Passenger transportation, thsd. 207 560,9 197 205,9 105,3
Passenger turnover in transport sector, thsd passenger- km 2 290 227,0 2 175 969,6 105,3

Consumer market

In January–November 2017, the cost of products and services sold in the consumer markets of Baku for meeting the needs of the population increased 2.2% in comparison with the same period of 2016 and was valued at 21964,1 million manat.

95.6% of the total cost of goods and services sold were in the non-governmental sector; cost of the retail trade turnover and paid services in this field increased by 1.7% compared to the same period of the previous year and amounted to 21001.3 million manat.

Main Indicators on Consumer Market
January–November 2017

Million manat

Compared to the corresponding period of the previous year

(%)

The total cost of the sold goods and services 21 964,1 102,2
including:

on state property

962,8 115,1
on non-state property 21 001,3 101,7
of these:

individual entrepreneurs

15 663,5 99,4

The volume of services rendered by the information and communication institutions to the population, administrations and organizations increased by 4.5% in January–November compared to the same period of the previous year and amounted to 1,486,364.4 thousand AZN.

The average monthly nominal wages of hired workers in economic and social spheres of the city in January–October 2017 increased by 6.7% compared to the same period of the previous year and reached 782.9 manat.

Pipelines

Baku-Novorossiysk, Baku-Supsa (Georgia) and Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (Turkey, since 2006) pipelines starts from Baku and transport Azerbaijani oil to the world market.[9]

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See also

References

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