Echinochloa colona

Echinochloa colona, commonly known as jungle rice, deccan grass, or Awnless barnyard grass,[1] is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia. It was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet.[2] Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in which case the domesticated forms may also be referred to as E. colona.

Echinochloa colona

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
(unranked):
Commelinids
Order:
Poales
Family:
Poaceae
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Genus:
Echinochloa
Species:
E. colona
Binomial name
Echinochloa colona
Synonyms
  • Panicum colonum L.
  • Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link (lapsus)
  • Echinochloa equitans (Hochst ex A. Rich.) Hubb. ex Troup.
  • Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl.
  • Milium colonum (L.) Moench
  • Oplismenus clonus (L.) Kunth
  • Oplismenus muticus Philippi
  • Oplismenus repens J. Presl
  • Panicum equitans Hochst. ex A. Rich.
  • Panicum incertum Bosc ex Steud.
  • Panicum musei Steud.
  • Panicum prorepens Steud.
  • Panicum zonale Guss.

Distribution and habitat

The grass occurs throughout tropical Asia and Africa in fields, and along roadsides and waterways.[3] It is considered an invasive weed in the Americas and Australia. In Australia, it has spread to wetlands, and is threatening the habitat of swamp tea trees.[1]

In culinary use

In India seeds of this grass are used to prepare a food dish called khichadi [4] and are consumed during festival fasting days. In Gujarati is called "Samo" (સામો) or "Moriyo" (મોરિયો) in Marathi it is called bhagar (भगर) or "Vari cha Tandul" (वरी चा तांदुळ), in Hindi it is called "Mordhan" (मोरधन) or "Sava ka chawal" (सवा का चावल). Also called samay ke chawal.

The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that Panicum Colonum, (an earlier name for this plant) had common names which included "Shama Millet" of India; called also, in parts of India, "Wild Rice" or "Jungle Rice" and that it "Has erect stems from two to eight feet high, and very succulent. The panicles are used by the aboriginals [sic.] as an article of food. The seeds are pounded between stones, mixed with water, and formed into a kind of bread. It is not endemic to Australia."[5]

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References
  1. "Echinochloa colona (junglerice)". Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. 22 November 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  2. Hilu, Khidir W. (1994). "Evidence from RAPD markers in the evolution of Echinochloa millets (Poaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 189 (3): 247–257. doi:10.1007/BF00939730.
  3. "Echinochloa colona". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  5. J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
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