Echinaster callosus

Echinaster callosus, the warty sea star[2] or the banded bubble star,[3] is a species of starfish found in shallow parts of the western Indo-Pacific region. The disc and five slender arms are covered with white, pink, red or violet warts, often forming transverse bands of colour on the arms.[4]

Warty sea star
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Asteroidea
Order:
Spinulosida
Family:
Echinasteridae
Genus:
Echinaster
Species:
E. callosus
Binomial name
Echinaster callosus
Marenzeller, 1895 [1]

Description

Growing to a maximum diameter of 26 cm (10 in), Echinaster callosus has a small central disc and five slender cylindrical arms. The aboral (upper) surface is densely covered by warty protuberances. The colour of this starfish is variable, but may be orange, pink or violet, with the warts being a contrasting colour, usually white, pink, red or mauve. The white warts often occur in bands, particularly towards the tips of the arms. There are small yellowish-green retractable pedicellaria between the warts.[4] The oral (under) surface of the starfish is white with white warts. There are ambulacral grooves on the underside of the arms along which food is passed by ciliary action. The tip of each arm bears an eyespot, as well as a bundle of suckers.[4]

Distribution and habitat

E. callosus is found in the tropical and subtropical western Indo-Pacific, its range extending from East Africa and the Red Sea to Micronesia, and from Japan southwards to Australia and New Caledonia. It occurs on coral reefs and on soft sediment, at depths between 5 and 30 m (20 and 100 ft).[4]

Ecology

The creeping comb jelly Coeloplana astericola sometimes lives symbiotically on the aboral surface of this starfish,[5] as well as on the Luzon sea star, Echinaster luzonicus.[6] Other associates are small worms and crustaceans, which do little harm, and the triton Charonia tritonis and the harlequin shrimp Hymenocera picta, which both feed destructively on its tissues.[4]

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References
  1. Mah, Christopher (2018). Mah CL (ed.). "Echinaster callosus Marenzeller, 1895". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  2. Charpin, Flornt. "Warty sea star". Tropical Reefs. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  3. "Banded Bubble Star (Echinaster callosus) with Comb Jellies (Coeloplana astericola)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  4. "Étoile de mer verruqueuse: Echinaster callosus Marenzeller, 1895" (in French). DORIS. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  5. "Coeloplana astericola: Creeping Comb Jelly". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  6. Barel, C.D.N.; Kramers, P.G.N. (1977). "A survey of the echinoderm associates of the north-east Atlantic area". Retrieved 8 July 2018.
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