ENOD40

enod40, also known as early nodulin 40, is a gene found in flowering plants. The gene has characteristics of both protein and Non-coding RNA genes.[1] There is some evidence that the non-coding characteristics of this gene are more widely conserved than the protein coding sequences.[2] In soyabeans enod40 was found to be expressed during early stages of formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules that are associated with symbiotic soil rhizobial bacteria.[3][4] The gene is also active in roots containing fungi forming phosphate-acquiring arbuscular mycorrhiza. [5] An interaction with a novel RNA-binding protein MtRBP1 (Medicago truncatula RNA-binding protein 1) investigated in the development of Root nodule suggests ENOD40 has a function of cytoplasmic relocalization of nuclear proteins.[6] In the study of non-legume plants, the over-expression of ENOD40 in transgenic Arabidopsis lines was observed a reduction of cell expansion.[7]

ENOD40
A sequence logo for the ENOD40 peptide.
Identifiers
SymbolENOD40
PfamPF08247
InterProIPR013186
ENOD40
ENOD40 secondary structure and sequence conservation
Identifiers
SymbolENOD40
RfamRF01845
Other data
RNA typeNon-coding RNA
Domain(s)Magnoliophyta
PDB structuresPDBe

See also

References
  1. Crespi MD, Jurkevitch E, Poiret M, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Petrovics G, Kondorosi E, Kondorosi A (1994). "enod40, a gene expressed during nodule organogenesis, codes for a non-translatable RNA involved in plant growth". EMBO J. 13 (21): 5099–5112. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06839.x. PMC 395456. PMID 7957074.
  2. Gultyaev AP, Roussis A (2007). "Identification of conserved secondary structures and expansion segments in enod40 RNAs reveals new enod40 homologues in plants". Nucleic Acids Res. 35 (9): 3144–3152. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm173. PMC 1888808. PMID 17452360.
  3. Yang WC, Katinakis P, Hendriks P, Smolders A, de Vries F, Spee J, van Kammen A, Bisseling T, Franssen H (1993). "Characterization of GmENOD40, a gene showing novel patterns of cell-specific expression during soybean nodule development". Plant J. 3 (4): 573–585. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1993.03040573.x. PMID 8220464.
  4. Kouchi H, Hata S (1993). "Isolation and characterization of novel nodulin cDNAs representing genes expressed at early stages of soybean nodule development". Mol Gen Genet. 238 (1–2): 106–119. doi:10.1007/bf00279537. PMID 7683079.
  5. van Rhijn P, Fang Y, Galili S, Shaul O, Atzmon N, Wininger S, Eshed Y, Lum M, Li Y, To V, Fujishige N, Kapulnik Y, Hirsch AM (1997). "Expression of early nodulin genes in alfalfa mycorrhizae indicates that signal transduction pathways used in forming arbuscular mycorrhizae and Rhizobium-induced nodules may be conserved". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (10): 5467–5472. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.5467V. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5467. PMC 24702. PMID 11038545.
  6. Campalans A, Kondorosi A, Crespi M (2004). "Enod40, a short open reading frame-containing mRNA, induces cytoplasmic localization of a nuclear RNA binding protein in Medicago truncatula". Plant Cell. 16 (4): 1047–1059. doi:10.1105/tpc.019406. PMC 412876. PMID 15037734.
  7. Guzzo F, Portaluppi P, Grisi R, Barone S, Zampieri S, Franssen H, Levi M (2005). "Reduction of cell size induced by enod40 in Arabidopsis thaliana". J Exp Bot. 56 (412): 507–513. doi:10.1093/jxb/eri028. PMID 15557291.

Further reading
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