Dual board

A Dual Board or Two Tier system is a corporate structure system that consists of two separate Boards of directors that govern a corporation. The roles and relationships between the two boards vary across countries. The structure is composed of two boards, the "Management Board", and the "Supervisory Board" each of these have different roles.[1]

Visual representation of a Dual Board system

In Germany, the Dual Board system is prescribed for corporations that are listed on the stock market (e.g., Lufthansa, and Adidas). It is argued that this approach results in and better serves the objectives of a social market system.[2]

Using a two tier system might also result in "more monitoring" and "less aggressive performance targets". It might also be "less efficient" from a financial market perspective.[3] It has been suggested that financial efficiency may be impeded by reduced communication, and the higher costs of running a Dual Board.[4]

History

The dual board system was first adopted in German companies in the 19th century, and it became compulsory after the Second World War.[5][6] Other countries that adopted a two tier approach include Finland, China, and the Netherlands. The Singapore Manufacturing Federation, recently introduced a supervisory board as well.[7] In the European Union, 10 countries require the two-tier approach, 8 countries require the single tier board approach, and 9 countries allow the use of either.[8]

Management Board

The Management board meets frequently (often weekly) to deal with operational issues. Some contracting decisions and strategic planning decisions may have to be approved by the supervisory board.[2]

Supervisory Board

The Supervisory board is usually elected by the Shareholders. Composition varies across jurisdictions; its members are usually independent of the executive but it can include employee representatives in some countries. Generally, the supervisory board guides and monitors the management board.[5] The Supervisory board may be involved in long term strategic planning. Another task that the Supervisory Board is in charge of is the selection, dismissal, and designation of the members in the Management Board, to "ensure a long term succession planning".[9]

Cooperation Between Boards

The Management board has to closely cooperate with the Supervisory board to develop the business strategy, this is done by creating a steady flow of information between the two.[2] The information flow would include risk management, business development and any differences of the development of the business compared to the initial plan.[2] Open discussions between members of the boards are also key to the functionality of the business under a Dual Board management system, because these must exchange information frequently.

Country systems

Countries with two-tier boards include:

  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Poland
  • Indonesia[10]

Countries where the option of a two-tier board is provided by law include:

  • Belgium
  • Italy
  • France
  • Romania
gollark: No, #8 was definitely me.
gollark: I made #10.
gollark: LyRicly did 16.
gollark: To obfuscate the trail obviously.
gollark: You have a good idea about the others?!

See also
  • European Company Statute
  • Supervisory Board
  • Executive Director

References
  1. James. "What is a dual board system". The Law Dictionary. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  2. Government Commission. "German corporate governance code" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  3. Carrasco, Vinicius. "Corporate Board Structure, Managerial Self-Dealing, and Common Agency" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  4. Aras, Crowther, Güler, David. "A Handbook of Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility" (PDF). Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  5. Proctor, Miles (2002). Corporate Governance. Cavendish publishing. ISBN 1859416519
  6. WÜRDINGER, H. and PENNIGTON, R., R., German company law, London, Oyez publishing, 1975, 37-38 Xiii + 249.
  7. Cheng, Willie. "One and Two-tier Governance Systems". BT invest. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  8. European Commission. "Gender Balance in Boards" (PDF). European Commission. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  9. Mallin.A (2013). Corporate Governance. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199644667
  10. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805225038/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-10/kkr-s-noodle-snafu-shows-indonesia-can-still-be-risky-business
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