Dorothy McFadden Hoover

Dorothy Estheryne McFadden Hoover (July 1, 1918 – February 7, 2000) was an American physicist and mathematician. Hoover was a pioneer in the early days of NASA. Originally one of the first black women hired at Langley as a human computer, Hoover would eventually become a published physicist and mathematician. Hoover is one of the first black woman to be listed as a co-author on NASA research publications.[1] Her research supported the development of America's first jet fighter, the Sabre.[2] Hoover's accomplishments were featured in Margot Lee Shetterly's bestselling book, Hidden Figures.

Dorothy McFadden Hoover
Born	Dorothy Estheryne McFadden (1918-07-01)July 1, 1918 Hope, Arkansas, US
Died	February 7, 2000(2000-02-07) (aged 81)
Education	Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College, BA Atlanta University, MA University of Arkansas, MA University of Michigan, ABD
Occupation	Physicist, mathematician
Employer	NACA, NASA
Known for	Pioneering theoretical mathematics research at NACA and NASA
Spouse(s)	Sylvanus Bowe Clarke (div.) Richard Allen Hoover (div.)

Early life

Dorothy Estheryne McFadden was born in Hope, Arkansas on July 1, 1918, to William McFadden and Elizabeth Wilburn McFadden.[2] She was the granddaughter of enslaved people and the youngest of four children. After graduating high school at the age of 15, Hoover enrolled at Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College (AM&N). She graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics in 1938, two months shy of her twentieth birthday.[2]

Career

Hoover was hired at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, later NASA) in Langley in 1943 as a professional (P-1) mathematician.[3] She was a part of a class of women, both black and white, hired to work as "human computers" and aid the development of aeronautical technology in the second World War.

Langley was originally segregated when Hoover began her work there, with black women assigned to work in the West Area of Langley.[1] Hoover was thus initially assigned to the West Area of Computing. From here she showed promise, which led to her being one of the first West Area computers to be asked to join an integrated research group. Hoover then worked directly with NASA engineer Robert T. Jones, who was known as “one of the premier aeronautical engineers of the twentieth century".[1] By 1946, Hoover was completing calculations and was widely relied on by Jones; her work was increasingly recognized as important to the aeronautics field. Hoover became one of the first black women published out of NACA/NASA. She published two articles in 1951 with co-author Frank S Malvestuto addressing “thin sweptback tapered wings” on aircraft.[4][5] These articles both moved the development of high-speed aircraft in military and civilian life. Today, every aircraft involved in supersonic speed utilizes her design concepts, including commercial planes, fighter jets, and the space shuttle.[6]

In 1952, Hoover left Langley with the title of an aeronautical research scientist. She returned to Atlanta University for her master's degree in mathematics. In 1954, she earned her second master's degree, this one in physics at the University of Arkansas.[6] A portion of her 1954 master's thesis, “On Estimates of Error in Numerical Integration,” was included in the Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science the following year.[7] She returned to civil service, first working in the U.S. Weather Bureau and then transferring to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.[8] While at Goddard, Hoover became the first Black woman to be promoted to a GS-13, a prominent position within US federal government employment.[9] After her retirement, Hoover wrote and published a book on the history of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, titled A Layman Looks with Love at Her Church.

Death

Hoover died in Washington, DC in 2000.[2][10]

Books

• Hoover, Dorothy E. (1970). A layman looks with love at her church. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Dorrance. ISBN 0805913874. OCLC 88135.

References

Works cited

Lee, Shetterly, Margot (2016). Hidden figures : the American dream and the untold story of the Black women mathematicians who helped win the space race (First ed.). New York, NY. ISBN 9780062363596. OCLC 950004289.

Other references

1. Lee 2016
2. Sallee, Richard D.; Russell, Janice; Turner, Ellen (July 29, 2018). "Dorothy McFadden Hoover (1918–2000)". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
3. Lee 2016, p. 87
4. Malvestuto Jr., Frank S.; Hoover, Dorothy M. (February 1951). "National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Technical Note 2924: Lift and pitching derivatives of thin sweptback tapered wings with streamwise tips and subsonic leading edges at supersonic speeds" (PDF). National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Washington. Retrieved February 21, 2019 – via NASA.
5. Malvestuto Jr., Frank S.; Hoover, Dorothy M. (March 1, 1951). "National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Technical Note 2315: Supersonic lift and pitching moment of thin sweptback tapered wings produced by constant vertical acceleration.Subsonic leading edges and supersonic trailing edges". National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Washington. Retrieved February 21, 2019 – via NASA.
6. Stewart, Shea (May 14, 2017). "Arkansas' 'Hidden Figure': Brilliant mathematician helped design wings for jet planes". Arkansas Democrat Gazette. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
7. Hoover, Dorothy M. (1955). "On Estimates of Error in Numerical Integration". Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings. Arkansas Academy of Science. 8: 204–207 – via Scholarworks, University of Arkansas.
8. Harvey, Brian (2018). Discovering the cosmos with small spacecraft : the American Explorer Program. Cham: Springer. ISBN 9783319681405. OCLC 1013828796.
9. Pittman McKinney, Keisha (February 16, 2019). "Dorothy McFadden Hoover | No Longer a Hidden Figure". Only in Arkansas. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
10. Frazier, Lisa (May 7, 2000). "Searching for Dorothy". Washington Post.