Domènec Batet

Domingo Batet i Mestres
Domingo Batet i Mestres
	Domingo Batet photographed in 1931
Born	August 30, 1872; Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
Died	February 18, 1937 (aged 64); Burgos, Castile and León, Spain
Allegiance	Spain (1887–1931); Spanish Republic (1931–1937)
Years of service	1887–1936
Rank	General
Battles/wars	Cuban War of Independence; Events of October the 6th; Spanish Civil War
Awards	Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand

Domingo Batet i Mestres (Spanish: Domingo Batet Mestres; Tarragona, August 30, 1872 – Burgos, February 18, 1937) was a Spanish military man who became general of the Spanish Army.[1]

Starting as a lieutenant, Batet quickly escalated ranks during the Cuban War of Independence. After the Disaster of Annual, as a colonel, Batet took part in the investigation of the defeat taking part in the drafting of the Picasso Files. During the Second Spanish Republic, Domingo Batet was designated chief of the IV Organic Division in Catalonia and crushed the Catalan Uprising of October the 6th. With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War Batet remained loyal to the Republic and was deployed in Burgos, where his subordinates betrayed him and captured him for the Nationalists. After months of captivity, Franco ordered the execution of Batet.[2]

Biography

Early military career

Domènec Batet i Mestres started his career in the Spanish Army as a volunteer lieutenant in the Cuban War of Independence. During the war, he received decorations and was promoted multiple times. He also developed a pacifist ideology.

After that, during the Rif War, as a colonel he was one of the instruction judges who wrote the Picasso Files, a report directed by Juan Picasso González that pointed out the corruption of the African deployed Spanish officers, including Francisco Franco.[2][3]

The Catalan uprising

Shortly after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, Domènec Betet was deployed in Catalonia as chief of the IV Organic Division. In that position Batet was always deferent with the Generalitat of Catalonia, treated well the soldiers and promoted the use of the Catalan between them.[2]

In 1932, Batet led the repression of the general strike of the Alt Llobregat. Instead of using terror tactics, ordered by Manuel Azaña, he acted quickly and avoided unnecessary bloodshed.

Its most important action during the Republican years was the successfully suffocation of the Events of October the 6th, a Catalan attempt of secession. The uprising was fuelled by multiple issues, the most important: the inclusion of anti-republican ministers of the CEDA, a right wing Spanish political party that won the 1933 elections, and the cancellation of the Law of Contracts of Cultivation (Llei de Contractes de Conreu). This law was approved by the government of Lluís Companys and later on banned by the Spanish government, arguing that it exceeded the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932. The Law of Contracts of Cultivation protected the peasants and when the Spanish government banned it infuriated the Catalan working class.[4]

On 5 October 1934 a general strike collapsed several cities of Spain. The following day, Lluís Companys decided to declare the Catalan Republic and numerous heavily armed squads occupied the streets of Barcelona and other towns, supporting the initiative and capturing public offices. Lluís Companys also telephoned Domènec Batet, asking for support, but Batet remained loyal to the central government and gained some time demanding a written request. While Companys wrote the request, Batet prepared the Army, Guardia Civil, and Guardia de Asalto troops and directly attacked the Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya. He was able to avoid any big confrontation with the revolted militias and Mossos d'Esquadra, because they were ordered not to attack until they were told so. Batet managed to surround the building, breaking the Catalan government chain of command, and shoot multiple warning shots with a howitzer. After 10 hours, and isolated from the militiamen and Mossos d'Esquadra, that had no orders, Lluís Companys was forced to surrender.[5][6]

Acting efficiently, Batet minimised the casualties and used the minimal force to fulfil the Spanish government orders. Some sources say that in order to avoid further fights against his own people Batet asked to be redeployed somewhere else while others claim that he was ordered to change of position as a punishment for his passivity during the confrontation.[7] In any case, Niceto Alcalá-Zamora transferred him to Burgos.

Spanish Civil War and execution

On June 13, 1936 Batet was transferred to the Organic Division of Burgos, where the general Emilio Mola, leader of the Nationalist faction, was also deployed. When the Spanish Civil War started, Batet was betrayed by his own men and they imprisoned him. While Mola, who respected Batet as a military man, was the leader of the Nationalists, Batet was kept in prison. When Franco became the Generalissimo of the Nationalist forces he ordered the execution of Batet, according to leftist sources, in retaliation for the Picasso Files, where Batet accused Franco of corruption during the Rif War.[2][3]

gollark: Wouldn't that just be... a (probably illegally high powered) FM transmitter?

gollark: I'd say it's Discord's fault - assuming this is true of course, I haven't seen it tested - for implementing such an awful system.

gollark: Since apparently the idea is that the restricted channels would still be visible to everyone but approved-submitter-only, you could maybe do *roles* for "knows lasers" and stuff and ask people to check that before offering advice on some things. Though you'd have to have that be checked manually, unlike with a channel.

gollark: It seems like there's kind of an excess of channels even *now*, without that in place.

gollark: Maybe written with pictures could work for some of that.

References

"Domènec Batet i Mestres" (in Catalan). Barcelona: Enciclopèdia.cat. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
"Acte en reconeixement de la figura del general Domènec Batet" [Act in memory of the figure of the general Domènec Batet] (in Catalan). Museu d'Història de Catalunya. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
Pi, Jaume (February 18, 2017). "Batet, el general conciliador que la historia rehabilitó" [Batet, the conciliatory general restored by History]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona. Retrieved October 21, 2017.
Finestres & López 2014, p. 29.
Finestres & López 2014, p. 31-32.
Gonzàlez et al. 2014, p. 165-170.
Villatoro, Manuel (October 5, 2017). "El general de Tarragona que acabó con la falsa 'República catalana' proclamada ilegalmente en 1934" [The general of Tarragona who ended with the false "Catalan Republic" illegally declared in 1934]. ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved October 21, 2017.

Bibliography

Gonzàlez, Arnau; López, Manel; Ucelay, Enric; (ED.) (2014). 6 d'octubre. La desfeta de la revolució catalanista de 1934 (in Catalan). Barcelona: Editorial Base. ISBN 978-84-16166-19-0.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Finestres, Jordi; López, Manel (2014). Entre la revolució i l'estelada (in Catalan). Barcelona: Sàpiens. ISSN 1695-2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)