Directorate General of Foundations (Turkey)

The Directorate General of Foundations (Turkish: Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü), founded 2 May 1920, is a Turkish governmental institution that manages and audits waqfs (Turkish: vakıf) (an inalienable charitable endowments under Islamic law) dating back to the Ottoman Empire and that still exist today.

History

The establishment of the Vakıflar was part of Atatürk's Reforms. It was established under the authority of Prime Minister of Turkey, İsmet İnönü on 3 March 1924,[1] alongside the Directorate of Religious Affairs (Turkish: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı).

These two departments replaced the Ottoman era ministry with the responsibility of governing Islamic affairs, the Ministry of Sharia and the Foundations (Şerriye ve Evkaf Vekaleti). This ministry had survived the Turkish War of Independence into the Republican era and the 1st government of Turkey.

Aside from its stated responsibilities, a secondary aim was to enable the confiscation by the state of properties belonging to traditionally non-Muslim minorities (such as Jews, Greeks, and Armenians) by transferring such properties into foundations so that they could be placed under the administration of the Vakıflar. Initially, this allowed the state to control and harass members of religious minorities; however, starting in the 1950s and 1960s, the VGM would frequently seize and dispose of real-estate assets belonging to religious minorities on the basis of dubious court decisions.[2] A notable example of this was the confiscation of the Tuzla Armenian Children's Camp in 1984.

Responsibilities

The directorate manages the estates and restorations of around 18,500 historical buildings and 67,000 estates.[3] The directorate employs about 38,000 people. It also handles charity organisations, such as food or monetary support, based on the charters of the managed foundations.[4] Currently, actions of 4,500 foundations are audited by the directorate.

As of March 2017 the Directorate General of Foundations has a 58.5% share stake in Vakifbank[5] In May 2017, reports emerged that the Turkish government was considering a draft law to transfer that 58.5 percent stake, worth around $2.5 billion, to Vakıf Katılım Bankası because it is sharia-compliant.[6]

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References
  1. Foundations Law of Republic of Turkey (Turkish). http://www.vgm.gov.tr/icerikdetay.aspx?Id=62 Archived 2013-09-12 at the Wayback Machine
  2. Jeremy F. Walton, Muslim Civil Society and the Politics of Religious Freedom in Turkey, footnote 33 page 27. Oxford University Press, 2017.
  3. Official Site of the Directorate of Foundations. http://www.vgm.gov.tr/index.aspx?Dil=EN Archived 2013-09-25 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Summary of actions of the directorate. http://organizations.vgm.gov.tr/sayfat.aspx?Id=VGM Archived 2013-10-27 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Vakifbank - Ownership Structure
  6. Turkey considering draft law to transfer $2.5 bln VakifBank stake -Islamic lender chairman


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