Dikaryon

The dikaryon is a nuclear feature which is unique to some fungi. The green alga Derbesia has been long considered an exception,[1] until the heterokaryotic hypothesis was challenged by later studies.[2] Compatible cell-types can fuse cytoplasms (plasmogamy). When this occurs, the two nuclei of two cells pair off and cohabit without fusing (karyogamy). This can be maintained for all the cells of the hyphae by synchronously dividing so that pairs are passed to newer cells. In the Ascomycota this attribute is most often found in the ascogenous hyphae and ascocarp while the bulk of the mycelia remains monokaryotic. In the Basidiomycota this is the dominant phase with most Basidiomycota monokaryons weakly growing and short-lived.

The formation of a dikaryon is a plesiomorphic character for the subkingdom Dikarya, which covers both the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. The formation of croziers in the Ascomycota and of clamp connections in the Basidiomycota facilitate maintenance of the dikaryons. However, some fungi in each of these phyla have evolved other methods for maintaining the dikaryons, and therefore neither croziers nor clamp connections are ubiquitous in either phylum. Examples of dikaryon can be found in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.

Etymology

The name dikaryon comes from the Greek δι- (di-) meaning "two" and κάρυον (karyon) meaning "nut", referring to the cell nucleus.

gollark: Oh dear.
gollark: Can't you use `os.date("*t")` or something?
gollark: SSH from CC would be impractical but also cool.
gollark: I personally find the packet thing more convenient, as just having a plain stream means you have to work out some way of delimiting packets and whatnot for everything.
gollark: I mean, for I/O, mostly?

See also

References
  1. van den Hoek, C., D.G. Mann, and H.M. Jahns 1995. Algae: an introduction to phycology, p. 430. Cambridge University Press (623 pp).
  2. Lee, S. H.; T. A. Motomura; T. Ichimura (1998). "Karyogamy follows plasmogamy in the life cycle of Derbesia tenuissima (Chlorophyta)". Phycologia. 37 (5): 330–333. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-37-5-330.1.


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