Hydrochloride

In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative, more elegant name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.

For example, reacting pyridine (C5H5N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields its hydrochloride salt, pyridinium chloride. The molecular formula is either written as C5H5N·HCl or as C5H5NH+ Cl−.

Uses

Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them water-soluble. This characteristic is particularly desirable for substances used in medications.[1] The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in medications.[2] These hydrochlorides, compared to free bases, may more readily dissolve in the gastrointestinal tract and be able to be absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. In addition, many hydrochlorides of amines have a longer shelf-life than their respective free bases.

gollark: ```pythonfrom requests_futures.sessions import FuturesSessionimport concurrent.futures as futuresimport randomtry: import cPickle as pickleexcept ImportError: import pickletry: words_to_synonyms = pickle.load(open(".wtscache")) synonyms_to_words = pickle.load(open(".stwcache"))except: words_to_synonyms = {} synonyms_to_words = {}def add_to_key(d, k, v): d[k] = d.get(k, set()).union(set(v))def add_synonyms(syns, word): for syn in syns: add_to_key(synonyms_to_words, syn, [word]) add_to_key(words_to_synonyms, word, syns)def concat(list_of_lists): return sum(list_of_lists, [])def add_words(words): s = FuturesSession(max_workers=100) future_to_word = {s.get("https://api.datamuse.com/words", params={"ml": word}): word for word in words} future_to_word.update({s.get("https://api.datamuse.com/words", params={"ml": word, "v": "enwiki"}): word for word in words}) for future in futures.as_completed(future_to_word): word = future_to_word[future] try: data = future.result().json() except Exception as exc: print(f"{exc} fetching {word}") else: add_synonyms([w["word"] for w in data], word)def getattr_hook(obj, key): results = list(synonyms_to_words.get(key, set()).union(words_to_synonyms.get(key, set()))) if len(results) > 0: return obj.__getattribute__(random.choice(results)) else: raise AttributeError(f"Attribute {key} not found.")def wrap(obj): add_words(dir(obj)) obj.__getattr__ = lambda key: getattr_hook(obj, key)wrap(__builtins__)print(words_to_synonyms["Exception"])```New version which tends to reduce weirder output.
gollark: https://github.com/joelgrus/fizz-buzz-tensorflow/blob/master/Fizz%20Buzz%20in%20Tensorflow.ipynb
gollark: ?remind 5d Misuse ?remind even more. Suggestions: nested reminds (is that possible)?
gollark: Wow, 5 days ago? Cool!
gollark: Stop C-ing.

See also

References
  1. Stahl, P. Heinrich; Wermuth, Camille G., eds. (2011). Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-3-90639-051-2.
  2. European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011, EDQM.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.