Digital motion X-ray

(Digital Motion X-Ray: Non-fluoroscopic) Conventional radiography is now used for the recording of motion studies. This method does not employ the use of fluoroscopy that has been the most common use of X-rays but rather uses conventional X-rays. The manner of recording a motion study is to couple an X-ray system with a digital computer and a detection system that records images in real time.

Digital motion X-ray

Example: The A2D2, Inc. Model 1713 is a digital system that is capable of recording static images or a dynamic sequence.

Static images are recorded in a 5,000 by 4,000 pixel array with 14 bit capacity. These images are stored in the computer memory for recording and/or playback. Dynamic studies are recorded in real time at a rate of 30 frames per second with resolution of 1990 by 1200 pixels. Typically, one second of data recording is required for a complete motion study at 30 frames per second. Sophisticated software is used to automatically record the study and then to cause it to playback in a bi-directional format.

Patient radiation dose is minimal over the one second time frame. Typical radiation dose is approximately 2 mSv for this one second period. Any form of joint motion can be recorded and analyzed.

References

(Motion X-Ray)

1. Bill O'Neill inventor of and leader in non-fluoroscopic digital motion x-ray technology.

(DMX)

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4. Youhimoto H, et al., Kinematic Evaluation of Atlantoaxial Joint Instability: An In Vivo Cineradiographic Investigation. Journal of Spinal Disorders 14, (1), 21-31.

5. Gavin, T. et al., Biomechanical analysis of cervical orthroses in Flexion: A comparison of cervical collars and Cervicothoracic orthroses. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development. Vol 40 (6), Nov/Dec 2003, 527-538.

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18. Occupational Medicine Practice Guide-lines, Second Edition, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004, Chapter 8.

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22. National Guideline Clearing House (NGC), [2]. Search video fluoroscopy, Select: vertebral subluxation in Chiropractic Practice, Council on Chiropractic Practice - Private Nonprofit Organization. 1998 (revised 2003). 201 pages. NGC:003438.