Diego de Astorga y Céspedes

Diego de Astorga y Céspedes
His Eminence; Diego de Astorga y Céspedes
	Cardinal; Primate of Spain; Archbishop of Toledo
	Portrait by Alonso Miguel de Tovar
Church	Roman Catholic
Archdiocese	Toledo
See	Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo
Installed	22 July 1720
Term ended	9 February 1734
Predecessor	Francisco Valero y Losa
Successor	Position vacant
Other posts	Bishop of Barcelona; Vicar-General of Ceuta
Personal details
Born	17 October 1663; Gibraltar
Died	9 February 1734 (aged 70); Madrid, Kingdom of Spain
Nationality	Spanish
Alma mater	University of Granada

Diego de Astorga y Céspedes (17 October 1663 – 9 February 1734) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He also served as Bishop of Barcelona, Archbishop of Toledo and Grand Inquisitor.

Biography

Diego de Astorga y Céspedes was born in Gibraltar, then a Spanish town. He obtained a degree on Canon law at the University of Granada and was ordained in 1689. In 1705, he was appointed General Vicar of Ceuta (as the bishop, Vidal Marín del Campo, had been named Grand Inquisitor)[1] and Inquisitor of the kingdom of Murcia in 1710. He was consecrated as Bishop of Barcelona in 1716, being the first non Catalan priest to serve as bishop in Barcelona, due to the abolition of the provisos on foreign bishops in Catalonia by the Nueva Planta decrees, issued by Philip V of Spain after the austriacist defeat in the War of the Spanish Succession.[2]

Four years later, in 1720, he was consecrated as Archbishop of Toledo and therefore Primate of Spain. He was also appointed Grand Inquisitor (although he resigned the same year[3]). In 1727, he was created Cardinal by Pope Benedict XIII. However, he never received the red hat and the title and did not participate in the 1730 conclave, which elected Pope Clement XII. He was also a member of the Privy council of the king Philip V after his abdication to his son Louis I.

Transparente of the Cathedral of Toledo, side view.

He ordered the crafting of El Transparente of the Cathedral of Toledo to Narciso Tomé, an example of the intrincated Spanish Baroque set behind the main altar of the main chapel (the chapel of the Santísimo Sacramento). The Bishop wished to mark the presence of the Holy Sacrament with a glorious monument, which cost 200,000 ducats and was the cause of great enthusiasm, even with a poem wherein the monument was acclaimed 'the Eighth Wonder of the World'.[4]

Cardinal Astorga y Céspedes died in 1734 in Madrid and is buried at the feet of El Transparente in the cathedral of Toledo.

During his whole career, Bishop De Astorga y Céspedes promoted the devotion to Our Lady of Europe, the devotion title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary in Gibraltar.[5]

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References

Gómez Barceló, José Luis (April 2007). "Repercusiones de la caída de Gibraltar en Ceuta" (PDF). Almoraima (in Spanish). Mancomunidad de municipios del Campo de Gibraltar (34): 106. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
Joan Bonet i Baltà (1984). L'Església catalana de la Il·lustració e la Renaixença (in Catalan). L'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-84-7202-646-9.
A History of the Inquisition of Spain, Volume 1, by Henry Charles Lea. Appendix 2: List of Inquisitors-General]
Narciso Tome's 'Transparente' in the Web Gallery of Art.
Historical Notes On Our Lady of Europe. Chapter 7. The Devotion In Barcelona And Madrid, based on History of Our Lady of Europe, by the Bishop Charles Caruana.

External links

Diego Cardinal Astorga y Céspedes in catholic-hierarchy.org
The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Biographical Dictionary. Pope Benedict XIII (1724–1730). Consistory of November 26, 1727 (VII)
Ángel Fernández Collado (2002). Los informes de visita ad limina de los arzobispos de Toledo (in Spanish). I.T. San Ildefonso. pp. 112–113. ISBN 978-84-8427-185-7.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Francisco Valero Losa	Archbishop of Toledo 1720–1735	Succeeded by Luis Antonio Fernández de Córdoba Portocarrero Guzmán y Aguilar
Preceded by Francesco del Giudice	Grand Inquisitor of Spain 1720	Succeeded by Juan de Camargo y Angulo

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[1] Gómez Barceló, José Luis (April 2007). "Repercusiones de la caída de Gibraltar en Ceuta" (PDF). Almoraima (in Spanish). Mancomunidad de municipios del Campo de Gibraltar (34): 106. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-01. Retrieved 22 February 2013.

[2] Joan Bonet i Baltà (1984). L'Església catalana de la Il·lustració e la Renaixença (in Catalan). L'Abadia de Montserrat. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-84-7202-646-9.

[3] A History of the Inquisition of Spain, Volume 1, by Henry Charles Lea. Appendix 2: List of Inquisitors-General]

[4] Narciso Tome's 'Transparente' in the Web Gallery of Art.

[5] Historical Notes On Our Lady of Europe. Chapter 7. The Devotion In Barcelona And Madrid, based on History of Our Lady of Europe, by the Bishop Charles Caruana.