Diclinanona calycina

Diclinanona calycina is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela.[2] Ludwig Diels, the German botanist who first formally described the species using the basionym Xylopia calycina, named it after its well-developed calyx (calycinus in Latin).[3]

Diclinanona calycina

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Diclinanona
Species:
D. calycina
Binomial name
Diclinanona calycina
Synonyms

Diclinanona calycina var. macrophylla R.E.Fr.
Xylopia calycina Diels

Description

It is a tree reaching 30 meters in height and 30 centimeters in diameter. Its petioles are 5-15 millimeters long. Its leaves are arranged in two rows. Its elliptical to oval, papery leaves are 10-25 by 3-8 centimeters. The upper surfaces of the leaves are shiny and variably hairless or hairy. The undersides of the leaves have white hairs, particularly along the veins. Its leaves have 14-18 secondary veins emanating from either side of the midrib. Its axillary inflorescences have 2-4 flowers. The flowers are on 6-15 by 0.5-5 millimeter pedicels. Each pedicel has 2 bracts. Its yellow flowers are either male or have both male and female reproductive organs. Its flowers have 3 oval to triangular sepals that are 4-6 millimeters long. The margins of the sepals touch but are not fused and remain attached through fruit maturation. Its flowers have 6 oblong to elliptical petals that are 9-13 by 2.5-3 millimeters. Male flowers have numerous stamens. Bisexual flowers have few stamens and 3-5 carpels. Its round fruit occur in groups of 1-5, are 2.5-3.5 centimeters in diameter, and covered in brown hair. The fruit have 3-8 shiny, brown elliptical seeds that are 1.7-2 centimeters long.[4][5][6]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of D. calycina is shed as permanent tetrads.[7]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in forest habitats with clay soil.[6]

Uses

Bioactive molecules extracted from its leaves and bark have been reported to have antimicrobial and antiplatelet activity.[8][9]

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References
  1. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group 2019 (2019). "Diclinanona calycina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T145654771A145654773. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T145654771A145654773.en. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  2. "Diclinanona calycina (Diels) R.E.Fr". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 12, 2019.
  3. Stearn, William (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot: Timber Press David & Charles. ISBN 9780881926279.
  4. Fries, R.E. (1934). "Revision der Arten Einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen. III" [Revision of the Species of Some Anonacea Genera. III]. Acta Horti Bergiani (in German and Latin). 12 (1): 4–5.
  5. Mildbraed, J. (1927). "Plantae Tessmannianae peruvianae VI". Notizblatt des Königl. Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin. 10 (92): 175. doi:10.2307/3994717. ISSN 0258-1485. JSTOR 3994717.
  6. Maas, Paul J. M.; Maas, Hiltje; Miralha, J. M. S.; Junikka, Leo (2007). "Flora da Reserva Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil: Annonaceae". Rodriguésia. 58 (3): 617–662. doi:10.1590/2175-7860200758307. ISSN 2175-7860.
  7. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202 (202): 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  8. Carneiro, Ana Lúcia Basílio; Teixeira, Maria Francisca Simas; Oliveira, Viviana Maria Araújo de; Fernandes, Ormezinda Celeste Cristo; Cauper, Gláucia Socorro de Barros; Pohlit, Adrian Martin (2008). "Screening of Amazonian plants from the Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, for antimicrobial activity". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 103 (1): 31–38. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762008000100005. ISSN 0074-0276.
  9. Oliveira, Viviana Maria Araújo de; Carneiro, Ana Lucia Basilio; Cauper, Glaucia Socorro de Barros; Pohlit, Adrian Martin (2009). "In vitro screening of Amazonian plants for hemolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation in human blood". Acta Amazonica. 39 (4): 973–980. doi:10.1590/S0044-59672009000400026. ISSN 0044-5967.
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