Delahaye 135

The Delahaye 135 was an automobile manufactured by Delahaye. Designed by young engineer Jean François, it was produced from 1935 until 1954 in many different body styles. A sporting tourer, it was also popular for racing.[1]

Delahaye 135/138/148/168
Delahaye 135 MS Cabriolet Pourtout
Overview
ManufacturerDelahaye
Production
  • 1935–1954
  • ca. 2,000 built
DesignerJean François
Body and chassis
ClassLuxury car
LayoutFR layout
Related
Powertrain
Engine
  • 3,227 cc straight-6, 95–110 hp (71–82 kW)
  • 3,557 cc straight-6, 90–160 hp (67–119 kW)
Transmission4-speed manual
4-speed pre-selector
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,950 mm (116 in)
Curb weight935 kg (2,061 lb) (chassis)
1,250–1,640 kg (2,760–3,620 lb)
Chronology
SuccessorDelahaye 235

History

The Delahaye 135, also known as "Coupe des Alpes" after its success in the Alpine Rally, was first presented in 1935 and signified Delahaye's decision to build sportier cars than before. The 3.2-litre overhead valve straight-six with four-bearing crankshaft was derived from one of Delahaye's truck engines and was also used in the more sedate, longer wheelbase (3,160 mm or 124 in) Delahaye 138. Power was 95 hp (71 kW) in twin carburetor form,[2] but 110 hp (82 kW) were available in a version with three downdraught Solex carbs,[1] offering a 148 km/h (92 mph) top speed. The 138 had a single carburetor and 76 hp (57 kW), and was available in a sportier 90 hp (67 kW) iteration.[3]

The 135 featured independent, leaf-sprung front suspension, a live rear axle, and cable operated Bendix brakes. 17-inch spoked wheels were also standard. Transmission was either a partially synchronized four-speed manual or four-speed Cotal pre-selector transmission.[4]

Competition 135s set the all-time record at the Ulster Tourist Trophy and placed second and third in the Mille Miglia in 1936,[5] and the 1938 24 Hours of Le Mans.[6]

The list of independent body suppliers offering to clothe the 135 chassis is the list of France's top coachbuilders of the time, including Figoni & Falaschi, Letourneur et Marchand, Guilloré, Marcel Pourtout, Frères Dubois, J Saoutchik, Franay, Antem and Henri Chapron.[7]

Production of the 3.2-litre version ended with the German occupation in 1940 and was not taken up again after the end of hostilities.

135M
1949 148L with four-door berline bodywork by Letourneur et Marchand
The special version Gascogne (1948).

A larger-displacement (3,557 cc) 135M was introduced in 1936. Largely the same as the regular 135, the new engine offered 90, 105, or 115 hp with either one, two, or three carburetors. As with the 135/138, a less sporty, longer wheelbase version was also built, called the "148". The 148 had a 3,150 mm wheelbase, or 3,350 mm in a seven-seater version. On the two shorter wheelbases, a 134N was also available, with a 2,150 cc four-cylinder version of the 3.2-litre six from the 135. Along with a brief return of the 134, production of 148, 135M, and 135MS models was resumed after the end of the war. The 135 and 148 were then joined by the larger engined 175, 178, and 180 derivatives. The 135M continued to be available alongside the newer 235 until the demise of Delahaye in 1954.

168

Presented in December 1938 and built until the outbreak of war in 1940, the Type 168 used the 148L's chassis and engine (engine code 148N) in Renault Viva Grand Sport bodywork.[8] Wheelbase remained 315 cm while the use of artillery wheels rather than spoked items meant minor differences in track. This curious hybrid was the result of an effort by Renault to steal in on Delahaye's lucrative near monopoly on fire vehicles: after a complaint by Delahaye, Renault relinquished contracts it had gained, but in return Delahaye had to agree to purchase a number of Viva Grand Sport bodyshells.[8] In an effort to limit the market of this cuckoo's egg, thus limiting the number of bodyshells it had to purchase from Renault, Delahaye chose to equip it with the unpopular Wilson preselector (even though the marketing material referred to the Cotal version). This succeeded very well, and with the war putting a stop to car production, no more than thirty were supposedly built. Strong, wide, and fast, like their Viva Grand Sport half sisters, the 168s proved popular with the army. Many were equipped to run on gazogène during the war and very few (if any) remain.[9]

135MS
Short wheelbase 135MS (1937)

An even sportier version, the 135MS, soon followed; 120–145 hp were available, with competition versions offering over 160 hp.[1] The 135MS was the version most commonly seen in competition, and continued to be available until 1954, when new owners Hotchkiss finally called a halt. The MS had the 2.95 m wheelbase, but competition models sat on a shortened 2.70 m chassis.

The type 235, a rebodied 135MS with ponton-style design by Philippe Charbonneaux, appeared in 1951.

Competition
Delahaye 135 racing car driven by John Crouch, Grand Prix, Bathurst, October 1946.

The 135 was successful as racing car during the late 1930s, winning the Monte Carlo rally 1937 and 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1938.[10] The Le Mans victory, with Chaboud and Trémoulet at the wheel, was decisive, with two more Delahayes coming in second and fourth. A regular 135 came seventh at the 1935 Le Mans, and in 1937 135MS came in second and third. Appearing again in 1939, two 135MS made it to sixth and eighth place, and again after the war the now venerable 135MS finished in 5th, 9th, and 10th.[2] 135s finished 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, 11th and 12th in the 1936 French Sports Car Grand Prix at Montlhéry.[11]

John Crouch won the 1949 Australian Grand Prix driving a 135MS.

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References
  1. Sedgwick, Michael; Gillies, Mark (1989). A-Z of Cars of the 1930s. Bideford, Devon, UK: Bay View Books. pp. 66–67. ISBN 1-870979-38-9.
  2. Rousseau, Jacques; Caron, Jean-Paul (1988). "128". Guide de l'Automobile Française. Paris: Solar. ISBN 2-263-01105-6.
  3. Rousseau & Caron, "127".
  4. Hull, Peter. "Delahaye: Famous on Road and Race Track", in Ward, Ian, executive editor. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 5, p.523.
  5. Hull, p.522.
  6. Hull, p.524.
  7. "Automobilia". Toutes les voitures françaises 1948 (salon Paris oct 1947). Paris: Histoire & collections. Nr. 7: Pages 26–35. 1998.
  8. Georgano, Nick (2000). The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile. London: Stationery Office. p. 412. ISBN 0117023191.
  9. Jolly, François (July 1978). Pozzoli, Serge (ed.). "Un tiroir de l'inconnu: La Delahaye 168" [A drawer of the unknown: The Delahaye 168]. Le Fanatique de l'Automobile (in French). Paris: Editions Larivière (118): 18. ISSN 0336-9072.
  10. the Auto Editors of Consumer Guide (2007-10-29). "Howstuffworks: 1936 Delahaye 135 Competition Coupé". Auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
  11. Cheetham, Craig (2004). Vintage Cars - The Finest Prewar Automobiles. Rochester, United Kingdom: Grange Books. p. 69. ISBN 1840136359.
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