Dawn phenomenon

The dawn phenomenon, sometimes called the dawn effect, is an observed increase in blood sugar (glucose) levels that takes place in the early-morning, often between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m. First described by Schmidt in 1981 as an increase of blood glucose or insulin demand occurring at dawn[1], this naturally occurring phenomenon is frequently seen among the general population and is clinically relevant for patients with diabetes as it can affect their medical management. In contrast to Chronic Somogyi rebound, the Dawn Phenomenon is not associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia.

See also

References
  1. Schmidt, M. I.; Hadji-Georgopoulos, A.; Rendell, M.; Margolis, S.; Kowarski, A. (1981-11-01). "The Dawn Phenomenon, an Early Morning Glucose Rise: Implications for Diabetic Intraday Blood Glucose Variation". Diabetes Care. 4 (6): 579–585. doi:10.2337/diacare.4.6.579. ISSN 0149-5992.
  2. Campbell, Peter J.; Bolli, Geremia B.; Cryer, Philip E.; Gerich, John E. (1985-06-06). "Pathogenesis of the Dawn Phenomenon in Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus". New England Journal of Medicine. 312 (23): 1473–1479. doi:10.1056/NEJM198506063122302. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 2859524.
  3. Zheng, Xin; Qi, Yanyan; Bi, Lina; Shi, Wenli; Zhang, Yan; Zhao, Dan; Hu, Su; Li, Meixin; Li, Qin (2020). "Effects of Exercise on Blood Glucose and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dawn Phenomenon". BioMed Research International. doi:10.1155/2020/6408724. PMC 7057022. PMID 32149118. Retrieved 2020-04-27.
  4. Bright, G. M.; Melton, T. W.; Rogol, A. D.; Clarke, W. L. (1980-08-01). "Failure of Cortisol Blockade to Inhibit Early Morning Increases in Basal Insulin Requirements in Fasting Insulin-dependent Diabetics". Diabetes. 29 (8): 662–664. doi:10.2337/diab.29.8.662. ISSN 0012-1797.
  5. Skor, D. A.; White, N. H.; Thomas, L.; Shah, S. D.; Cryer, P. E.; Santiago, J. V. (1983-05-01). "Examination of the role of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis, counterregulatory hormones, and insulin clearance in variable nocturnal insulin requirements in insulin-dependent diabetes". Diabetes. 32 (5): 403–407. doi:10.2337/diabetes.32.5.403. ISSN 0012-1797.
  6. Porcellati, F.; Lucidi, P.; Bolli, G. B.; Fanelli, C. G. (2013-11-21). "Thirty Years of Research on the Dawn Phenomenon: Lessons to Optimize Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 36 (12): 3860–3862. doi:10.2337/dc13-2088. ISSN 0149-5992.
  7. Monnier, L.; Colette, C.; Dunseath, G. J.; Owens, D. R. (2007-01-26). "The Loss of Postprandial Glycemic Control Precedes Stepwise Deterioration of Fasting With Worsening Diabetes". Diabetes Care. 30 (2): 263–269. doi:10.2337/dc06-1612. ISSN 0149-5992.
  8. Carr, Richard D.; Alexander, Charles M. (2014-06-24). "Comment on Monnier et al. Magnitude of the Dawn Phenomenon and Its Impact on the Overall Glucose Exposure in Type 2 Diabetes: Is This of Concern? Diabetes Care 2013;36:4057–4062". Diabetes Care. 37 (7): e161–e162. doi:10.2337/dc14-0352. ISSN 0149-5992.
  9. Rybicka, Malwina. (2011). The dawn phenomenon and the Somogyi effect : two phenomena of morning hyperglycaemia. OCLC 998912305.
  10. Janež, Andrej; Guja, Cristian; Mitrakou, Asimina; Lalic, Nebojsa; Tankova, Tsvetalina; Czupryniak, Leszek; Tabák, Adam G.; Prazny, Martin; Martinka, Emil; Smircic-Duvnjak, Lea (2020-01-04). "Insulin Therapy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: a Narrative Review". Diabetes Therapy. 11 (2): 387–409. doi:10.1007/s13300-019-00743-7. ISSN 1869-6953.
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