Cuscuta japonica

Cuscuta japonica, commonly known as Japanese dodder, is a parasitic vine. It has been listed by the State of California as a noxious weed.[1] The USDA classifies the Japanese dodder as, "Kingdom: Plantae, Subkingdom: Tracheobionta, Superdivision: Spermatophyta, Division: Magnoliophyta, Class: Magnoliopsida, Subclass: Asteridae, Order: Solanales, Family: Cuscutaceae, Genus: Cuscuta L., Species: Cuscuta japonica Choisy."[2] It has a range of effects on its host[3] and has repeatedly been introduced to the United States of America.[4] C. japonica looks very similar to other vines, making it difficult to distinguish.[5]

Cuscuta japonica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Convolvulaceae
Genus: Cuscuta
Species:
C. japonica
Binomial name
Cuscuta japonica

Effects on host

The Japanese dodder is a plant that parasitizes other plants. From mild development issues to serious complications sometimes resulting in death, the Japanese dodder can cause a wide spectrum of effects on its plant host.[3] Farmers in particular can be affected by this plant, as infection leads to less crops they are able to harvest.[6]

Morphology

Cuscuta japonica shares a similar morphology to vines, displaying stems that are mostly yellow with bits of red along it.[5] The Japanese dodder also exhibits small flowers that are "pale-yellow to cream"[7] in color and contain one circular stigma.[8] Any leaves it has are very small and "scale-like" in shape and texture.[9] Fruit produced are small and capsule-like, only carrying a couple of seeds.[10]

History

C. japonica can be found non-invasively in a variety of places on the continent of Asia.[10] The plant was introduced and reintroduced to the United States of America multiple times starting from the 1940s under the guise of a medicinal plant, and was thought to have been eradicated a couple of times.[4]

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gollark: There is also the "secondary processor exemption" thing, which caused the Librem people to waste a lot of time on having a spare processor on their SoC load a blob into the SoC memory controller from some not-user-accessible flash rather than just using the main CPU cores. This does not improve security because you still have the blob running with, you know, full control of RAM, yet RYF certification requires solutions like this.
gollark: It would be freer™, in my opinion, to have all the firmware distributed sanely via a package manager, and for the firmware to be controllable by users, than to have it entirely hidden away.
gollark: So you can have proprietary firmware for an Ethernet controller or bee apifier or whatever, but it's only okay if you deliberately stop the user from being able to read/write it.

References
  1. http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/noxweedinfo/noxweedinfo_jdodder.htm
  2. "Plants Profile for Cuscuta japonica (Japanese dodder)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  3. Dara, Surendra (2011-09-01). "Japanese dodder, an exotic and noxious weed found in Santa Barbara County". University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  4. "Cuscuta japonica (Japanese dodder)". www.cabi.org. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
  5. Dara, Surendra (2011-09-01). "Japanese dodder, an exotic and noxious weed found in Santa Barbara County". University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  6. Kaiser, Bettina; Vogg, Gerd; Fürst, Ursula B.; Albert, Markus (2015-02-04). "Parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta and their interaction with susceptible and resistant host plants". Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 45. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00045. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 4316696. PMID 25699071.
  7. "Dodder". University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. March 2010. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  8. Park, Inkyu; Song, Jun-Ho; Yang, Sungyu; Kim, Wook Jin; Choi, Goya; Moon, Byeong Cheol (2019-06-03). "Cuscuta Species Identification Based on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (11): 2726. doi:10.3390/ijms20112726. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 6600609. PMID 31163646.
  9. Dara, Surendra (2011-09-01). "Japanese dodder, an exotic and noxious weed found in Santa Barbara County". University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  10. "Japanese dodder, Cuscuta japonica Solanales: Cuscutaceae". www.invasive.org. Retrieved 2020-03-02.
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