Cupan languages

The Cupan languages is a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family that comprises Cupeño, Ivilyuat (Cahuilla), Luiseño-Juaneño, and perhaps Nicoleño, all historically spoken in southern California.

Cupan
Geographic
distribution		southern California
Linguistic classificationUto-Aztecan
  • Northern
    • Cupan
Subdivisions
Glottologcupa1239[1]
Historical extent of Cupan languages

The branch had long been considered to be part of the Takic subgroup, but there is doubt about the validity of Takic as a genetic unit, the similarities between the languages classed as Takic possibly being due primarily to borrowing.[2][3]

Languages and dialects
  • Luiseño-Juaneño language
  • Ivilyuat (also known as Cahuilla)
    • Mountain Cahuilla dialect[4]
    • Pass Cahuilla dialect (also known as Wanikik)[5] †
    • Desert Cahuilla dialect
  • Cupeño †
    • Cupa dialect[6] †
    • Wilaqalpa dialect †
    • Paluqla dialect †

(†) – Extinct language

gollark: I see.
gollark: That has basically never worked because, weirdly enough, people don't seem to be good at dealing with complex long-term consequences when doing sex things.
gollark: Which I disagree with, yes.
gollark: If it became possible to grow babies externally or conveniently move them, that might be an acceptable solution too.
gollark: To rethingy: I think that, regardless of whose body or creation or whatever it is, the person who is actually carrying it and bears the associated issues of having it glued to their circulatory system and such should get to decide whether to keep doing that.

References
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Cupan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Shaul, D. L. (2014). A Prehistory of Western North America: The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages. UNM Press.
  3. Hill, J. H. (2011). "Subgrouping in Uto-Aztecan". Language Dynamics and Change, 1(2), 241-278.
  4. Golla, Victor (2011-08-02). California Indian Languages. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4.
  5. Mamet, Ingo (2008). Man-bear travels to hell: aspects of the phonological description of a Cahuilla narrative. LINCOM GmbH.
  6. Hill, Jane H. (2005). A Grammar of Cupeño. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24637-9.
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