Cross bracing

In construction, cross bracing is a system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports intersect. Cross bracing can increase a building's capability to withstand seismic activity. Bracing is important in earthquake resistant buildings because it helps keep a structure standing. Cross bracing is usually seen with two diagonal supports placed in an X shaped manner; these support compression and tension forces. With Different forces, one brace will be under tension while the other is being compressed. It helps make structures stand sturdier and resist lateral forces. Cross bracing can be applied to any rectangular frame structure, such as chairs and bookshelves. In steel construction, steel cables may be used due to their great resistance to tension (although they cannot take any load in compression, and must therefore be pre-tensioned). The common uses for cross bracing includes bridge (side) supports, along with structural foundations. This method of construction maximizes the weight of the load a structure is able to support. It is a usual application when constructing earthquake-safe buildings.[1]

Cross bracing between joists or rafters strengthens the members by preventing sideways deflection. This bracing is known by many names such as herringbone strutting, blocking, bridging, and dwanging.
Cross bracing on a bridge tower

Cross bracing may employ full diagonals, or corner bracing[2] or knee bracing.[3]

References
  1. Reinforce Building With Cross Bracing, Earthquake Handbook, FEMA Hazard Mitigation Handbook Series, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2002.
  2. TUOMI, ROGER L.; GROMALA, DAVID S. (1977). RACKING STRENGTH OF WALLS: LET-IN CORNER BRACING, SHEET MATERIALS, AND EFFECT OF LOADING RATE (PDF) (Report). USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER.
  3. Jackson, Bob (19 December 2014). "How to Install Deck Post Knee Braces". HandymanHowto.com.
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