Cratera (genus)

Cratera is a genus of land planarians from South America.

Cratera
Cratera pseudovaginuloides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Class:
Rhabditophora
Order:
Tricladida
Suborder:
Continenticola
Family:
Geoplanidae
Subfamily:
Geoplaninae
Genus:
Cratera

Carbayo et al., 2013
Type species
Geoplana pseudovaginuloides
Riester, 1938

Description
Sagittal view of the copulatory apparatus of Cratera viridimaculata showing the expanded cavity at the final portion of the ejaculatory duct (ej) in the penis papilla (pp).

The genus Cratera is characterized by having a leaf-shaped body. Most species are between 3 and 7 cm long. The hundreds of eyes distributed along the body are monolobulated, i.e., simple and circular. The copulatory apparatus has a permanent conical penis occupying the entire male cavity. The final portion of the ejaculatory duct, the channel that guides sperm through the penis, has an expanded cavity that resembles a volcanic crater. It is very similar to the related genus Obama, the main difference being the presence of trilobulated eyes in the latter.[1]

Etymology

The name Cratera is derived from the Latin word crater and refers to the cavity in the penis that resembles a volcanic crater.

Species

There are 18 species assigned to the genus Cratera:

  • Cratera anamariae Carbayo & Almeida, 2015[2]
  • Cratera arucuia Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2018[3]
  • Cratera aureomaculata Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2017[4]
  • Cratera crioula (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)[1]
  • Cratera cryptolineata Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2017[4]
  • Cratera cuarassu Carbayo & Almeida, 2015[2]
  • Cratera hina (Marcus, 1951)[3]
  • Cratera joia (Froehlich, 1956)[1]
  • Cratera nigrimarginata Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2017[4]
  • Cratera ochra Rossi, Amaral, Ribeiro, Cauduro, Fick, Valiati & Leal-Zanchet, 2015[5]
  • Cratera obsidiana Amaral, Boll & Leal-Zanchet, 2019[6]
  • Cratera picuia Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2018[3]
  • Cratera pseudovaginuloides (Riester, 1938)[1]
  • Cratera steffeni Rossi, Fontoura, Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2014[7]
  • Cratera tamoia (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)[1]
  • Cratera taxiarcha (Marcus, 1951)[3]
  • Cratera viridimaculata Negrete & Brusa, 2016[8]
  • Cratera yara (E. M. Froehlich, 1955)[1]

References
  1. Carbayo, F.; Álvarez-Presas, M.; Olivares, C. U. T.; Marques, F. P. L.; Froehlich, E. X. M.; Riutort, M. (2013). "Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (5): 508–528. doi:10.1111/zsc.12019.
  2. Carbayo, Fernando; Almeida, Ana Laura (2015). "Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)". Zootaxa. 3931 (1): 27–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  3. Lago-Barcia, Domingo; Carbayo, Fernando (2018). "Taxonomic revision of four species of the Neotropical land planarian genera Cratera and Geoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a description of two new species and an emendation of Cratera". Zootaxa. 4500 (4): 517–542. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
  4. Rossi, Ilana; Leal-Zanchet, Ana (2017). "Three new species of Cratera Carbayo et al., 2013 from Araucaria forests with a key to species of the genus (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola)". ZooKeys. 643: 1–32. doi:10.3897/zookeys.643.11093. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 5242264.
  5. Rossi, Ilana; Amaral, Silvana Vargas; Ribeiro, Giovana Gamino; Cauduro, Guilherme Pinto; Fick, Israel; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2015). "Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach". Journal of Natural History. 50 (13–14): 787–815. doi:10.1080/00222933.2015.1084057. ISSN 0022-2933.
  6. Boll, Piter Kehoma; Amaral, Silvana Vargas; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2019). "Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from protected areas in southern Brazil". Zootaxa. 4664 (4): 535–550. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4664.4.5. ISSN 1175-5334.
  7. Rossi, Ilana; Fontoura, Marcela; Amaral, Silvana; Leal-Zanchet, Ana M. (2014). "A new species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of Araucaria> Forest in southern Brazil". Zootaxa. 3794 (4): 514–524. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3794.4.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  8. Negrete, Lisandro; Brusa, Francisco (2016). "First report of the genus Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of a new species and comments on the species of the genus". ZooKeys. 610: 1–12. doi:10.3897/zookeys.610.9465. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 4992809. PMID 27587974.
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