Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

Caroline
Caroline
	Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt
	Portrait of Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken
Born	9 March 1721; Strasbourg
Died	30 March 1774 (aged 53 years); Darmstadt
Spouse	Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Issue	Caroline, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg; Frederika Louisa, Queen of Prussia; Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse; Amelie, Hereditary Princess of Baden; Wilhelmina Louisa, Grand Duchess of Russia; Luise, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach; Landgrave Frederick; Landgrave Christian
House	Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Father	Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
Mother	Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

Caroline of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken (Henriette Caroline Christiane Louise; 9 March 1721 – 30 March 1774) was Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt by marriage to Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was famed as one of the most learned women of her time and known as The Great Landgräfin.

Biography

Henriette Caroline was the daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken and his wife Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken.

She married on 12 August 1741 in Zweibrücken, Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The marriage was arranged and unhappy: Caroline was interested in music and literature, while her consort was interested in military matters, and she lived separated from him at Buchsweiler. She founded a factory to ease the states economy. In 1772, she promoted the politician Karl Friedrich von Moser.

Caroline was better known as The Great Landgräfin, a name given to her by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. She befriended several writers and philosophers of her time, such as Johann Gottfried Herder, Christoph Martin Wieland and Goethe. Wieland wished he had the power to make her Queen of Europa. She also had contact with Frederick II of Prussia. She was one of the few women that the Alte Fritz respected, and he famously referred to her as the Glory and Wonder of our century; after her death, he sent an urn to Darmstadt with the text femina sexo, ingenio vir ('A woman by sex, a man by spirit'). [1]

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Caroline Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg	2 March 1746	18 September 1821	Married Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, had issue
Frederika Louisa Queen of Prussia	16 October 1751	25 February 1805	Married in 1769 Frederick William II of Prussia, had issue.
Louis I Grand Duke of Hesse	14 June 1753	6 April 1830	Married in 1799 Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt, had issue
Amalie Hereditary Princess of Baden	20 June 1754	21 June 1832	Married in 1775 Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, had issue
Wilhelmina Louisa Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia	25 June 1755	26 April 1776	Married in 1773 the future Emperor Paul I of Russia, no surviving issue
Louisa Augusta Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	30 January 1757	14 February 1830	Married in 1775 Charles Augustus of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, had issue
Frederick	1759	1802
Christian Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt	25 November 1763	17 April 1830	Died unmarried

Ancestry

Ancestors of Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken[2]

16. Charles I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

8. Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler

17. Duchess Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg

4. Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

18. John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

9. Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken

19. Catherine de Rohan

2. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

20. Eberhard, Count of Rappoltstein

10. Johann Jakob, Count of Rappoltstein

21. Wild- and Rhinegravine Anna of Salm-Kyrburg

5. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein

22. Johann Kasimir, Count of Salm-Kyrburg

11. Wild- and Rhinegravine Anna Claudia of Salm-Kyrburg

23. Countess Dorothea of Solms-Laubach

1. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

24. William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

12. Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

25. Margravine Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach

6. Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken

26. Crato V, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein

13. Countess Eleonore Claire of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein

27. Countess Palatine Sophie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

3. Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

28. Philip Ernest, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

14. Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

29. Countess Anna Maria of Solms-Sonnenwalde and Pouch

7. Princess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg

30. Wolfgang George I, Count of Castell-Remlingen

15. Countess Juliana Dorothea of Castell-Remlingen

31. Countess Sophie Juliana of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach

Literature

Marita A. Panzer: Die Große Landgräfin Caroline von Hessen-Darmstadt, Verlag Friedrich Pustet Regensburg, 2005

gollark: The holes are actually mostly SCP-055 instances, so that's normal.

gollark: It was a big thing when this was first done since black holes were a major prediction of general relativity.

gollark: You can sometimes see black holes through gravitational lensing.

gollark: What does it look like?

gollark: Just look at the sky in some sky viewer and find all the black parts.

References

Philipp A. Pauli: Darmstadt: Eine historisch-topographische Skizze und Excursionen in die Umgegend. Will, 1815, S. 89.
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 93.

External links

German royalty
Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken Cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach Born: 9 March 1721 Died: 30 March 1774
Vacant Title last held by Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Landgravine consort of Hesse-Darmstadt 17 October 1768 – 30 March 1774	Vacant Title next held by Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

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[1] Philipp A. Pauli: Darmstadt: Eine historisch-topographische Skizze und Excursionen in die Umgegend. Will, 1815, S. 89.

[2] Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 93.