Cooperia (nematode)

Cooperia is one of the most common intestinal parasitic nematodes in cattle in temperate regions.[1] Infections with Cooperia may result in mild clinical symptoms, but can lead to weight loss and damage of the small intestine, especially when co-infections with other nematodes such as O. ostertagi occur.[2][3] Infections are usually treated with broad-spectrum anthelmintics[4] such as benzimidazole, but resistance to these drugs has developed in the last decades and is now very common.[5] Cooperia has a direct life cycle. Infective larvae are ingested by the host. The larvae grow to adults, which reproduce in the small intestines. Eggs are shed onto the pasture with the faeces, which leads to new infections. Co-infections with other gastro-intestinal nematodes such as O. ostertagi and H. contortus are common.[2]

Cooperia
L3 stage larva of Cooperia oncophora. Courtesy of Russell Avramenko.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Nematoda
Class:
Chromadorea
Order:
Rhabditida
Family:
Cooperiidae
Genus:
Cooperia
Species

References
  1. Dorny, P.; Claerebout, E.; Vercruysse, J.; Hilderson, H.; Huntley, J. F. (1997-06-01). "The influence of a Cooperia oncophora priming on a concurrent challenge with Ostertagia ostertagi and C. oncophora in calves". Veterinary Parasitology. 70 (1–3): 143–151. doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01142-9. ISSN 0304-4017. PMID 9195718.
  2. Li, Robert W.; Li, Congjun; Gasbarre, Louis C. (2011-01-01). "The vitamin D receptor and inducible nitric oxide synthase associated pathways in acquired resistance to Cooperia oncophora infection in cattle". Veterinary Research. 42: 48. doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-48. ISSN 1297-9716. PMC 3066125. PMID 21414188.
  3. Coop, R. L.; Sykes, A. R.; Angus, K. W. (1979-08-01). "The pathogenicity of daily intakes of Cooperia oncophora larvae in growing calves". Veterinary Parasitology. 5 (2): 261–269. doi:10.1016/0304-4017(79)90015-3.
  4. Borloo, Jimmy; De Graef, Jessie; Peelaers, Iris; Nguyen, D. Linh; Mitreva, Makedonka; Devreese, Bart; Hokke, Cornelis H.; Vercruysse, Jozef; Claerebout, Edwin (2013-09-06). "In-Depth Proteomic and Glycomic Analysis of the Adult-Stage Cooperia oncophora Excretome/Secretome". Journal of Proteome Research. 12 (9): 3900–11. doi:10.1021/pr400114y. ISSN 1535-3893. PMC 3883574. PMID 23895670.
  5. Anziani, O. S.; Suarez, V.; Guglielmone, A. A.; Warnke, O.; Grande, H.; Coles, G. C. (2004-08-06). "Resistance to benzimidazole and macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in cattle nematodes in Argentina". Veterinary Parasitology. 122 (4): 303–306. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.05.018. ISSN 0304-4017. PMID 15262008.
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