Clerodendrum umbellatum

Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. is a scandent African shrub of the family Lamiaceae, but previously placed in Verbenaceae. It is found in Tropical Africa, Central America and Tropical Asia, its distribution being to some extent anthropogenic, and is often planted for its showy flowers. The genus Clerodendrum is large with more than 300 species currently accepted.[1]

Clerodendrum umbellatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Verbenaceae (or Lamiaceae)
Genus:
Clerodendrum
Species:
C. umbellatum
Binomial name
Clerodendrum umbellatum
Synonyms
  • Clerodendrum congense Engl.
  • Clerodendrum cordifolium (Hochst.) A.Rich.
  • Clerodendrum hirsutum G.Don
  • Clerodendrum scandens P.Beauv.
  • Clerodendrum scandens var. asperifolium B.Thomas
  • Clerodendrum scandens var. speciosum B.Thomas
  • Clerodendrum simplex G.Don
  • Clerodendrum umbellatum f. scandens (P.Beauv.) Moldenke
  • Clerodendrum umbellatum var. speciosum Moldenke
  • Volkameria cordifolia Hochst.

This climber, first described in 1804 by Jean Louis Marie Poiret, has slender, finely pubescent branches. Leaves are oblong to ovate-elliptic, with entire margins, an acute apex, and subcordate base; petiole is from 2–8 cm in length. Inflorescence of umbellate cymes is terminal and many-flowered. The fragrant flowers may be red or white, with a pink or red tinge to the centre. Calyx cup-shaped, with 5 lobes; corolla-tube puberulous, also 5-lobed. Drupe bluish-black, enclosed by a red calyx, and splitting into 4 pyrenes when mature.[2]

Medicinal

The species has been used traditionally in some Central African countries for treating several diseases including intestinal helminthiasis. An extract of its bitter leaves is effective against Schistosoma mansoni.[3] The leaf and its sap are used as pain-killers, while the roots are taken for stomach ailments. Extracts of the leaves are employed as abortifacients, ecbolics and for curing venereal diseases. It is also used to treat dropsy, swellings, oedema and gout, and as an antidote for venomous stings and bites.[4] In Northern Uganda a study found this species to be the most frequently used medicinal plant.[5]

gollark: The issue with it is that the flash memory wears down in some way after a bunch of program/erase cycles, so it has trouble reading/writing accurately or something, and this is a greater problem for MLC than SLC because it has to read finer gradations.
gollark: I mean, yes, the naming is weird.
gollark: MLC is two bits a cell, so it has to distinguish *four* voltage levels. This means you get twice the density.
gollark: SLC flash stores only one bit per cell, so it needs to distinguish two voltage levels.
gollark: No idea about how it actually gets read/written.

References
  1. "Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  2. "Clerodendrum umbellatum in Flora of Pakistan @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  3. Jatsa, HB; Ngo Sock, ET; Tchuem Tchuente, LA; Kamtchouing, P (2009). "Evaluation of the in vivo activity of different concentrations of Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice". Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 6 (3): 216–21. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v6i3.57145. PMC 2816459. PMID 20448845.
  4. "Clerodendrum umbellatum Poir. [family LABIATAE]". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Kamatenesi, Maud M.; Acipa, Annabel; Oryem-Origa, Hannington (2011-01-17). "Medicinal plants of Otwal and Ngai Sub Counties in Oyam District, Northern Uganda". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 7 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-7-7. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 3029220. PMID 21241484.
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