Clawson point

The Clawson point is a special point in a planar triangle defined by the trilinear coordinates ${\displaystyle \tan(\alpha ):\tan(\beta ):\tan(\gamma )}$[1] (Kimberling number X(19)), where ${\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma }$ are the interior angles at the triangle vertices ${\displaystyle A,B,C}$. It is named after John Wentworth Clawson, who published it 1925 in the American Mathematical Monthly.

Clawson point ${\displaystyle P}$ as homothetic center for the similar triangles ${\displaystyle \triangle T_{a}T_{b}T_{c}}$ and ${\displaystyle \triangle H_{a}H_{b}H_{c}}$(red)

Geometrical constructions

There are at least two ways to constructs the Clawson point, which also could be used as coordinate free definitions of the point. In both cases you have two triangles, where the three lines connecting their according vertices meet in a common point, which is the Clawson point.

Construction 1

For a given triangle ${\displaystyle \triangle ABC}$ let ${\displaystyle \triangle H_{a}H_{b}H_{c}}$ be its orthic triangle and ${\displaystyle \triangle T_{a}T_{b}T_{c}}$ the triangle formed by the outer tangents to its three excircles. These two triangles are similar and the Clawson point is their center of similarity, therefore the three lines ${\displaystyle T_{a}H_{a},T_{b}H_{b},T_{c}H_{c}}$ connecting their vertices meet in a common point, which is the Clawson point.[2][3]

Construction 2

Clawson point ${\displaystyle P}$ as the perspective center of the perspective triangles ${\displaystyle \triangle ABC}$ and ${\displaystyle \triangle A'B'C'}$

For a triangle ${\displaystyle \triangle ABC}$ its circumcircle intersects each of its three excircles in two points. The three lines through those points of intersections form a triangle ${\displaystyle \triangle A^{\prime }B^{\prime }C^{\prime }}$. This triangle and the triangle ${\displaystyle \triangle ABC}$ are perspective triangles with the Clawson point being their perspective center. Hence the three lines ${\displaystyle AA^{\prime },BB^{\prime },CC^{\prime }}$ meet in the Clawson point.[1]

History

The point is now named after J. W. Clawson, who published his trilinear coordinates 1925 in the American Mathematical Monthly as problem 3132, where he asked for geometrical construction of that point.[4] However the French mathematician Émile Lemoine had already examined the point in 1886.[5] Later the point was independently rediscovered by R. Lyness and G. R. Veldkamp in 1983, who called it crucial point after the Canadian math journal Crux Mathematicorum in which it was published as problem 682.[1]

References

1. Clark Kimberling: CLAWSON POINT. In: Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers (retrieved 2019-11-30)
2. Clark Kimberling: Central Points and Central Lines in the Plane of a Triangle. In: Mathematics Magazine, Volume 67, no. 3, 1994, pp. 163–187, in particular 175. (JSTOR).
3. Weisstein, Eric W. "Clawson Point". MathWorld. (retrieved 2019-11-30)
4. J. W. Clawson, Michael Goldberg: problem 3132. In: The American Mathematical Monthly, Volume 33, no. 5, 1926, pp. 285–285. (JSTOR)
5. Clark Kimberling: X(19)=CLAWSON POINT. In: Encyclopedia of Triangle Centers (retrieved 2019-11-30)

External links

• Weisstein, Eric W. "Clawson Point". MathWorld.
• X(19)=CLAWSON POINT und CLAWSON POINT at the Encyclopedia of trinagle Centers (ETC)
• LE POINT CLAWSON PAR LES TRIANGLES ORTHIQUES ET EXTANGENT
• Clawson Point: Orthic Triangle, Extangents Triangle, Homothecy or Homothety