City of Cape Town elections

The council of the City of Cape Town in the Western Cape, South Africa is elected every five years by a system of mixed-member proportional representation. Half of the councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting from individual wards, while the other half are appointed from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. By-elections are held to replace the councillors elected by wards if a vacancy occurs.

December 2000 election

Main article: 2000 South African municipal elections

Seats in the city council after the 2000 election.
Government:

  DA (107)

Opposition:

  ANC (77)

  ACDP (8)

  Others (8)

The current form of the City of Cape Town was created in 2000 by merging the six transitional municipalities in the Cape Town metropolitan area (Cape Town/Central, South Peninsula, Blaauwberg, Tygerberg, Oostenberg and Helderberg) and the overarching Cape Metropolitan Council. The council of the new municipality consisted of 200 members, 100 elected from wards and the other 100 from party lists. The election was held on 5 December 2000; the Democratic Alliance won a majority of 107 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 5 December 2000[1][2]
Party		Votes				Seats
		Ward	List	Total	%	Ward	List	Total
	Democratic Alliance	372,032	377,885	749,917	52.9	66	41	107
	African National Congress	268,124	272,181	540,305	38.1	34	43	77
	African Christian Democratic Party	27,972	25,976	53,984	3.8	0	8	8
	United Democratic Movement	9,098	11,231	20,329	1.4	0	3	3
	Africa Muslim Party	6,484	8,056	14,540	1.0	0	2	2
	Independent	14,401	–	14,401	1.0	0	–	0
	Pan Africanist Congress	1,873	4,529	6,402	0.5	0	1	1
	Inkatha Freedom Party	2,287	1,648	3,935	0.3	0	1	1
	Moderate Independent Party	1,528	2,329	3,857	0.3	0	1	1
	Green Party	477	1,973	2,450	0.2	0	0	0
	Azanian People's Organisation	1,120	1,025	2,145	0.2	0	0	0
	Cape People's Congress	1,071	1,045	2,116	0.1	0	0	0
	Helderberg Community Civic Organization	625	869	1,494	0.1	0	0	0
	Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party	–	489	489	0.0	–	0	0
Total		707,092	709,236	1,416,328		100	100	200
Valid votes		707,092	709,236	1,416,328	98.8
Spoilt votes		8,497	8,129	16,626	1.2
Total votes cast		715,589	717,365	1,432,954
Total voter turnout		719,444
Registered voters		1,269,582
Turnout percentage		56.7

By-elections from December 2000 to October 2002

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the election in December 2000 and the floor crossing period in October 2002.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
25 April 2001[3]	34		African National Congress		African National Congress
15 August 2001[4]	71		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
28 August 2002[5]	62		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance

October 2002 floor crossing

See also: Floor crossing (South Africa)

Seats in the city council after the 2002 floor crossing.
Government:

  ANC (80)

  NNP (32)

Opposition:

  DA (71)

  ACDP (8)

  Others (9)

In terms of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution and the judgment of the Constitutional Court in United Democratic Movement v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, in the period from 8–22 October 2002 councillors had the opportunity to cross the floor to a different political party without losing their seats.

In the Cape Town city council, the Democratic Alliance (DA) lost 31 councillors to the New National Party (NNP), which had formerly been part of the DA. The DA also lost 3 councillors to the African National Congress (ANC), 1 to the Universal Party and 1 who became an independent. The sole councillor of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) also crossed to the NNP. The ANC and the NNP formed a coalition which held a majority of 112 seats.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 8–22 October 2002[6]
Party		Seats before	Net change	Seats after
	African National Congress	77	3	80
	Democratic Alliance	107	36	71
	New National Party	–	32	32
	African Christian Democratic Party	8	0	8
	United Democratic Movement	3	0	3
	Africa Muslim Party	2	0	2
	Moderate Independent Party	1	0	1
	Pan Africanist Congress	1	0	1
	Independent	–	1	1
	Universal Party	–	1	1
	Inkatha Freedom Party	1	1	0

By-elections from October 2002 to August 2004

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing periods in October 2002 and September 2004.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
7 May 2003[7]	67		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
11 February 2004[8]	42		African National Congress		African National Congress
23 June 2004[9]	6		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	9		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	13		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	15		Democratic Alliance		African National Congress
	46		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance

September 2004 floor crossing

Seats in the city council after the 2004 floor crossing.
Government:

  ANC (104)

  NNP (5)

Opposition:

  DA (70)

  ACDP (6)

  Others (15)

Another floor-crossing period occurred on 1–15 September 2004. 27 of the 32 NNP councillors crossed, mostly to the ANC, giving the ANC a majority of 104 seats. 2 councillors of the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) also crossed to the Federation of Democrats, a new party.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 1–15 September 2004[10]
Party		Seats before	Net change	Seats after
	African National Congress	81	23	104
	Democratic Alliance	70	0	70
	African Christian Democratic Party	8	2	6
	New National Party	32	27	5
	Independent Democrats	–	4	4
	United Democratic Movement	3	0	3
	Africa Muslim Party	2	0	2
	Federation of Democrats	–	2	2
	Independent	1	0	1
	Moderate Independent Party	1	0	1
	Pan Africanist Congress	1	0	1
	Universal Party	1	0	1

By-elections from September 2004 to February 2006

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing periods in September 2004 and the election in March 2006.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
24 November 2004[11]	32		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
7 September 2005[12]	21		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	48		African National Congress		African National Congress

March 2006 election

Main article: 2006 South African municipal elections

Seats in the city council after the 2006 election.
Government:

  DA (90)

  ACDP (7)

  Others (8)

Opposition:

  ANC (81)

  ID (23)

  PAC (1)

At the election of 1 March 2006, the city council was expanded to 210 members with the addition of 5 new wards and 5 new PR list councillors. No party obtained a majority, with the Democratic Alliance (DA) winning 90 seats, the African National Congress (ANC) 81, and the new Independent Democrats (ID) 23.

After much negotiation, a seven-party governing coalition was formed, consisting of the DA, the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), the Africa Muslim Party (AMP), the United Democratic Movement (UDM), the Freedom Front Plus (VF+), the United Independent Front (UIF), and the Universal Party (UP). The coalition held 105 seats, exactly half of the council, compared to the 104 seats held by the ANC and ID together. The single councillor from the Pan Africanist Congress abstained from the election of the mayor.[13]

City of Cape Town local election, 1 March 2006[14][15]
Party		Votes				Seats
		Ward	List	Total	%	Ward	List	Total
	Democratic Alliance	303,299	306,246	609,545	41.9	61	29	90
	African Christian Democratic Party	24,145	22,757	46,902	3.2	0	7	7
	Africa Muslim Party	9,567	9,749	19,316	1.3	0	3	3
	United Democratic Movement	5,081	6,869	11,950	0.8	0	2	2
	Freedom Front Plus	3,621	3,549	7,170	0.5	0	1	1
	United Independent Front	1,556	1,916	3,472	0.2	0	1	1
	Universal Party	1,337	1,009	2,346	0.2	0	1	1
Seven-party coalition total		348,606	352,095	700,701	48.1	61	44	105
	African National Congress	271,873	280,232	552,105	37.9	41	40	81
	Independent Democrats	76,711	79,839	156,550	10.7	3	20	23
	Independent	24,151	–	24,151	1.7	0	–	0
	Pan Africanist Congress	2,386	4,722	7,108	0.5	0	1	1
	Inkatha Freedom Party	1,254	981	2,235	0.2	0	0	0
	Federation of Democrats	1,190	946	2,136	0.1	0	0	0
	Pro Ratepayers Party	977	942	1,919	0.1	0	0	0
	Moderate Independent Party	934	715	1,649	0.1	0	0	0
	Peace and Justice Congress	734	625	1,360	0.1	0	0	0
	United Party	1,276	–	1,276	0.1	0	–	0
	Pension Poverty Relief and Unemployment Front	573	683	1,256	0.1	0	0	0
	Azanian People's Organisation	280	642	922	0.1	0	0	0
	Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party	432	328	760	0.1	0	0	0
	Progressive Independent Movement	–	710	710	0.0	–	0	0
	First Community Party	199	414	613	0.0	0	0	0
	Alliance of Free Democrats	61	541	602	0.0	0	0	0
	Workers International Vanguard League	–	297	297	0.0	–	0	0
Total		731,637	724,713	1,456,350		105	105	210
Valid votes		731,637	724,713	1,456,350	98.3
Spoilt votes		9,102	15,664	24,766	1.7
Total votes cast		740,739	740,377	1,481,116
Total voter turnout		744,967
Registered voters		1,486,781
Turnout percentage		50.1

By-elections from March 2006 to August 2007

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the election in March 2006 and the floor crossing period in September 2007.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
7 June 2006[16]	82		Independent Democrats		Democratic Alliance[Note 1]
7 February 2007[17]	74		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance

September 2007 floor crossing

Seats in the city council after the 2007 floor crossing.
Government:

  DA (95)

  ID (16)

  ACDP (7)

  Others (3)

Opposition:

  ANC (81)

  Others (8)

The final floor-crossing period occurred on 1–15 September 2007; floor-crossing was subsequently abolished in 2008 by the Fifteenth Amendment of the Constitution. In the Cape Town city council, the ID lost three councillors to the new National People's Party (NPP), two to the DA and one to the new Social Democratic Party. The UDM and the UIF each lost one councillor to the DA, and the AMP lost one councillor to the NPP. Control of the council was not affected because the ID had joined the governing coalition earlier in the year.

City of Cape Town floor crossing, 1–15 September 2007[18]
Party		Seats before	Net change	Seats after
	Democratic Alliance	91	4	95
	African National Congress	81	0	81
	Independent Democrats	22	6	16
	African Christian Democratic Party	7	0	7
	National People's Party	–	4	4
	Africa Muslim Party	3	1	2
	United Democratic Movement	2	1	1
	Freedom Front Plus	1	0	1
	Pan Africanist Congress	1	0	1
	Universal Party	1	0	1
	Social Democratic Party	–	1	1
	United Independent Front	1	1	0

By-elections from September 2007 to May 2011

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the floor crossing period in September 2007 and the election in May 2011.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
19 March 2008[19]	15		Democratic Alliance		Independent Democrats
16 July 2008[20]	103		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
10 December 2008[21][Note 2]	33		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
	34		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
	35		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
	45		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
	52		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
	75		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
	87		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
	88		African National Congress		Congress of the People[Note 3]
25 March 2009[22]	2		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	79		Independent Democrats		Democratic Alliance[Note 1]
6 May 2009[23]	71		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
24 June 2009[24]	9		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	14		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	70		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	73		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
18 November 2009[25]	32		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
26 May 2010[26]	44		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
21 July 2010[27]	34		Congress of the People		African National Congress
	35		Congress of the People		African National Congress
	98		African National Congress		African National Congress
	99		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
25 August 2010[28]	49		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
8 December 2010[29]	19		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	104		African National Congress		African National Congress

May 2011 election

Main article: 2011 South African municipal elections

Seats in the city council after the 2011 election.
Government:

  DA (135)

Opposition:

  ANC (73)

  Others (13)

At the election of 18 May 2011, the council was expanded to 221 members with the addition of 6 new wards and 5 new PR list seats. The Democratic Alliance won a majority of 135 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 18 May 2011[30][31]
Party		Votes				Seats
		Ward	List	Total	%	Ward	List	Total
	Democratic Alliance	675,020	682,929	1,357,949	60.9	78	57	135
	African National Congress	360,827	370,420	731,247	32.8	33	40	73
	African Christian Democratic Party	15,227	11,873	27,100	1.2	0	3	3
	Congress of the People	12,059	12,596	24,655	1.1	0	3	3
	National Party	5,718	6,038	11,756	0.5	0	1	1
	United Democratic Movement	4,402	4,290	8,692	0.4	0	1	1
	Al Jama-ah	4,310	3,928	8,238	0.4	0	1	1
	Africa Muslim Party	4,430	3,157	7,587	0.3	0	1	1
	Cape Muslim Congress	3,658	2,740	6,398	0.3	0	1	1
	Independent	5,893	–	5,893	0.3	0	–	0
	Pan Africanist Congress	2,606	1,993	4,599	0.2	0	1	1
	Freedom Front Plus	2,121	1,864	3,985	0.2	0	1	1
	Cape Party	1,561	1,471	3,032	0.1	0	0	0
	Community Coalition	1,715	1,271	2,986	0.1	0	0	0
	Inkatha Freedom Party	1,888	1,031	2,919	0.1	0	0	0
	National Independent Civic Organisation	1,844	1,048	2,892	0.1	0	0	0
	Democrats for Change	942	1,637	2,579	0.1	0	0	0
	African People's Convention	787	1,513	2,300	0.1	0	0	0
	National People's Party	1,221	707	1,928	0.1	0	0	0
	Universal Party	1,078	650	1,728	0.1	0	0	0
	National Alliance for Democracy	1,008	629	1,637	0.1	0	0	0
	South African Progressive Civic Organisation	825	724	1,549	0.1	0	0	0
	National Freedom Party	694	765	1,459	0.1	0	0	0
	United Christian Democratic Party	22	845	867	0.0	0	0	0
	Western Cape Community	291	574	865	0.0	0	0	0
	United Independent Front	417	436	853	0.0	0	0	0
	Azanian People's Organisation	322	405	727	0.0	0	0	0
	United Civics of South Africa	423	166	589	0.0	0	0	0
	African Bond of Unity	232	275	507	0.0	0	0	0
	United Majority Front	301	124	425	0.0	0	0	0
	Pan Africanist Movement	132	265	397	0.0	0	0	0
	Abolition of Income Tax and Usury Party	230	165	395	0.0	0	0	0
	Social Democratic Party	93	167	260	0.0	0	0	0
	Independent Civic Organisation	–	151	151	0.0	–	0	0
Total		1,112,297	1,116,847	2,229,144		111	110	221
Valid votes		1,112,297	1,116,847	2,229,144	99.1
Spoilt votes		11,518	8,998	20,516	0.9
Total votes cast		1,123,815	1,125,845	2,249,660
Total voter turnout		1,134,144
Registered voters		1,745,853
Turnout percentage		65.0

2011 mayoral election

Candidate		Votes	%
	√ Patricia de Lille (DA)	137	64.4%
	Tony Ehrenreich (ANC)	75	35.6%
Total		212	100%
Valid votes		212	97.7%
Spoilt ballots		5	2.3%
Total votes cast		217	100%

By-elections from May 2011 to August 2016

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the elections in May 2011 and August 2016.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
7 December 2011[32]	71		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
18 January 2012[33]	68		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
25 April 2012[34]	45		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
19 September 2012[35]	88		African National Congress		Democratic Alliance
30 January 2013[36]	22		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
22 May 2013[37]	105		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
19 February 2014[38]	35		African National Congress		African National Congress
	43		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
28 May 2014[39]	25		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
13 August 2014[40]	5		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	54		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
	56		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
5 November 2014[41]	23		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
1 April 2015[42]	72		Democratic Alliance		Democratic Alliance
9 December 2015[43]	101		African National Congress		African National Congress

August 2016 election

Main article: 2016 South African municipal elections

Seats in the city council after the 2016 election.
Government:

  DA (154)

Opposition:

  ANC (57)

  EFF (7)

  Others (13)

At the election of 3 August 2016, the council was expanded to 231 members with the addition of 5 new wards and 5 new PR list seats. The Democratic Alliance won a majority of 154 seats.

City of Cape Town local election, 18 May 2011[44][45]
Party		Votes				Seats
		Ward	List	Total	%	Ward	List	Total
	Democratic Alliance	831,890	832,624	1,664,514	66.6	81	73	154
	African National Congress	302,965	305,902	608,867	24.4	35	22	57
	Economic Freedom Fighters	40,243	38,871	79,114	3.2	0	7	7
	African Christian Democratic Party	16,181	14,104	30,285	1.2	0	3	3
	Al Jama-ah	9,506	6,892	16,398	0.7	0	2	2
	African Independent Congress	5,228	9,515	14,743	0.6	0	1	1
	Freedom Front Plus	5,365	4,919	10,284	0.4	0	1	1
	Democratic Independent Party	4,049	3,472	7,521	0.3	0	1	1
	Independent	7,077	–	7,077	0.3	0	–	0
	United Democratic Movement	2,441	4,139	6,580	0.3	0	1	1
	Cape Muslim Congress	3,073	3,386	6,459	0.3	0	1	1
	Pan Africanist Congress	3,381	2,938	6,319	0.3	0	1	1
	Congress of the People	3,175	3,015	6,190	0.3	0	1	1
	Patriotic Alliance	2,943	2,016	4,959	0.2	0	1	1
	National Party	1,988	2,296	4,284	0.2	0	0	0
	Cape Party	1,608	1,760	3,368	0.1	0	0	0
	Africa Muslim Party	1,692	1,571	3,263	0.1	0	0	0
	Local People's Party	1,654	1,056	2,710	0.1	0	0	0
	Al Shura Party	1,085	685	1,770	0.1	0	0	0
	African People's Convention	749	906	1,655	0.1	0	0	0
	Independent Civic Organisation	799	673	1,472	0.1	0	0	0
	Nationalist Coloured Party	794	622	1,416	0.1	0	0	0
	Christian Democratic Party	318	1,097	1,415	0.1	0	0	0
	National People's Party	812	449	1,261	0.1	0	0	0
	South Africa People's Party	451	443	894	0.0	0	0	0
	Coloured Voice	420	442	862	0.0	0	0	0
	Khoisan Kingdom And All People	243	527	770	0.0	0	0	0
	South African Progressive Civic Organisation	346	357	703	0.0	0	0	0
	Ubuntu Party	196	490	686	0.0	0	0	0
	Khoisan Revolution	218	444	662	0.0	0	0	0
	Sizwe Ummah Nation	276	283	559	0.0	0	0	0
	The Greens	45	433	478	0.0	0	0	0
	People's Democratic Movement	203	236	439	0.0	0	0	0
	Inkatha Freedom Party	56	378	434	0.0	0	0	0
	South African People for Equality	145	171	316	0.0	0	0	0
	Independent Sport Party	39	122	161	0.0	0	0	0
	Patriotic Association	19	111	130	0.0	0	0	0
Total		1,251,673	1,247,345	2,499,018		116	115	231
Valid votes		1,251,673	1,247,345	2,499,018	98.7
Spoilt votes		14,777	17,954	32,731	1.3
Total votes cast		1,266,450	1,265,299	2,531,749
Total voter turnout		1,271,923
Registered voters		1,977,690
Turnout percentage		64.3

2016 mayoral election

Candidate		Votes	%
	√ Patricia de Lille (DA)	160	74.1%
	Xolani Sotashe (ANC)	56	25.9%
Total		216	100%

By-elections since August 2016

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period since the elections in August 2016.

Date	Ward	Party of the previous councillor		Party of the newly elected councillor
9 November 2016[46]	108		African National Congress		African National Congress

November 2018 mayoral election

Main article: 2018 Cape Town mayoral election

On 31 October 2018, incumbent Mayor Patricia de Lille resigned. An election was held on 6 November 2018 to determine her successor. It was subsequently won by former Mayor, Dan Plato. The candidates nominated were:

• Dan Plato (Democratic Alliance), former Provincial Minister of Community Safety (2011 - 2018); former Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament (2011 - 2018); former Mayor of Cape Town (2009 - 2011)
• Xolani Sotashe (African National Congress), incumbent Leader of the African National Congress in the Cape Town City Council; Mayoral candidate in 2016; Member of the Cape Town City Council (2000 - present)
• Grant Haskin (African Christian Democratic Party), incumbent Leader of the African Christian Democratic Caucus (2016–present); former Deputy Mayor of Cape Town (2007 - 2009); former Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament

The results were as follows.

Candidate		Votes	%
	√ Dan Plato (DA)	146	72.3%
	Xolani Sotashe (ANC)	53	26.2%
	Grant Haskin (ACDP)	3	1.5%
Total		202	100%
Valid votes		202	97.1%
Spoilt ballots		6	2.9%
Total votes cast		208	100%

Notes

1. The former councillor was re-elected to the ward on behalf of a different party.
2. The ANC could not stand candidates in this by-election due to a failure to submit paperwork on time.
3. The former councillor was re-elected to the ward nominally as an independent, but in fact on behalf of COPE, which was not yet a registered party. See http://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/full-western-cape-byelection-results.

References

1. "Seat Calculation Summary: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
2. "Full election results: 2000 Municipal Elections" (CSV). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
3. "By-elections 25 Apr 2001 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
4. "By-elections 15 Aug 2001 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
5. "By-elections 28 Aug 2002 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
6. "2002 Detailed Floor Crossing Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
7. "By-elections 07 May 2003 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
8. "By-elections 11 Feb 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
9. "By-elections 23 Jun 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
10. "2004 Floor Crossing - Summary report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
11. "By-elections 24 Nov 2004 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
12. "By-elections 07 Sep 2005 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
13. van Onselen, Gareth (11 July 2016). "Anatomy of a coalition coup: Are there lessons ahead of the August election?". BusinessDay. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
14. "Seat Calculation Summary: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
15. "Full election results: 2006 Municipal Elections" (CSV). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
16. "By-elections 07 Jun 2006 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
17. "By-elections 07 Feb 2007 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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20. "By-elections 16 Jul 2008 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
21. "By-elections 10 Dec 2008 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
22. "By-elections 25 Mar 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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25. "By-elections 18 Nov 2009 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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27. "By-elections 21 Jul 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
28. "By-elections 25 Aug 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
29. "By-elections 08 Dec 2010 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
30. "Results Summary – All Ballots: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
31. "Seat Calculation Detail: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
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33. "By-elections 18 Jan 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
34. "By-elections 25 Apr 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
35. "By-elections 19 Sep 2012 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
36. "By-elections 30 Jan 2013 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
37. "By-elections 22 May 2013 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
38. "By-elections 19 Feb 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
39. "By-elections 28 May 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
40. "By-elections 13 Aug 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
41. "By-elections 05 Nov 2014 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
42. "By-elections 01 Apr 2015 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
43. "By-elections 09 Dec 2015 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
44. "Results Summary – All Ballots: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
45. "Seat Calculation Detail: City of Cape Town" (PDF). Independent Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
46. "By-elections 09 Nov 2016 Comparison Report" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 17 April 2017.