Citrus Red 2

Citrus Red 2
Names
	IUPAC name 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenylazo)-naphthalen-2-ol
	Other names Citrus Red No. 2, C.I. Solvent Red 80, C.I. 12156, E121
Identifiers
CAS Number	6358-53-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	16735746 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.026.162
E number	E121 (colours)
KEGG	C19214 ;
PubChem CID	9570225;
UNII	2QE5Y68984 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6024838 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H16N2O3/c1-22-13-8-10-17(23-2)15(11-13)19-20-18-14-6-4-3-5-12(14)7-9-16(18)21/h3-11,21H,1-2H3/b20-19+ Key: GJUABKCEXOMRPQ-FMQUCBEESA-N ; InChI=1/C18H16N2O3/c1-22-13-8-10-17(23-2)15(11-13)19-20-18-14-6-4-3-5-12(14)7-9-16(18)21/h3-11,21H,1-2H3/b20-19+ Key: GJUABKCEXOMRPQ-FMQUCBEEBN;
	SMILES COc3ccc(cc3/N=N/c1c2ccccc2ccc1O)OC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C18H16N2O3
Molar mass	308.337 g·mol−1
Appearance	Orange to yellow solid or a dark red powder
Melting point	156 °C (313 °F; 429 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Citrus Red 2, Citrus Red No. 2, C.I. Solvent Red 80, or C.I. 12156 is an artificial dye. As a food dye, it has been permitted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1956 to color the skin of oranges.[1][2][3] Citrus Red 2 is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a group 2B carcinogen, a substance "possibly carcinogenic to humans".[4]

Properties

Citrus Red 2 is an orange to yellow solid or a dark red powder with a melting point of 156 °C. It is not soluble in water, but is readily soluble in many organic solvents.

Use

In the United States, Citrus Red 2 is sometimes used to color oranges. It is only permitted to be used on the peel.[1] It is permitted when the fruit is intended to be eaten, but is not permitted when the fruit is intended or used for processing, for example to manufacture orange juice.[2] It is used on some oranges from the US state of Florida but is banned in the US states of California and Arizona.

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References

Anonymous. 1988. Florida Citrus Fruit Laws. Florida Statutes. 601.
"Code of Federal Regulations: Title 21, Section 74.302". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Hall, David J (1989). "Peel Disorders of Florida Citrus as Related to Growing Area and Color-add formulations". Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102: 243–246.
Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs Archived 2011-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, IARC

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[FloridaCitrusFruitLaws-1] Anonymous. 1988. Florida Citrus Fruit Laws. Florida Statutes. 601.

[CFR-2] "Code of Federal Regulations: Title 21, Section 74.302". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2014.

[3] Hall, David J (1989). "Peel Disorders of Florida Citrus as Related to Growing Area and Color-add formulations". Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 102: 243–246.

[4] Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs Archived 2011-10-25 at the Wayback Machine, IARC