Cissampelos pareira

Cissampelos pareira (velvetleaf)[1] is a species of flowering plant in the family Menispermaceae.

Velvetleaf
Cissampelos pareira with bulb and fruits found in Panchkhal, Nepal
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Menispermaceae
Genus: Cissampelos
Species:
C. pareira
Binomial name
Cissampelos pareira
Fruits of Cissampelos pareira during the month of October

Morphology

It is a slender tomentose climber. The leaves are peltate, 2.5–12 cm long, 2.5–11.5 cm broad, triangularly broad-ovate, or orbicular, obtuse, mucronate, base cordate or truncate, ± tomentose on both sides; petiole pubescent. Flowers are small in size, pedicels filiform. Male flowers clustered in the axil of a small leaf; sepals are 4 in number, obovate-oblong, hairy outside; petals 4 in number, united to form a 4-toothed cup, hairy outside; stamens 4, column short, anthers connate, encircling the top of the column. Female flowers clustered in the axils of orbicular, hoary imbricate bracts, on 5–10 cm long racemes; sepal 1, petal 1; carpel 1, densely hairy; style shortly 3-fid. Drupe 4–6 mm long, 3–4 mm broad, subglobose, compressed, hairy-pubescent, red when fresh, black when dry, endocarp transversely ribbed, tuberculate. Seeds are horseshoe-shaped.[2]

Common names
  • English: Velvet-leaf, Abuta
  • Sanskrit: Patha, Abuta, Ambashtha, Piluphala, Ekashthila, Dipani, Varatiktata, Tiktapushpa, Atisaranashani, Ambashtaki, Pracchina, Shreyasi
  • Sinhalese: දිය මිත්ත (diya miththa), කිරි මුදුවන් (kiri muduwan)
  • Tamil: பொன்முசுட்டை (ponmusutai), அப்பட்டா
  • Hindi: Leghu patha, Akanadi, Pada
  • Malayalam: Malathangi-മലതാങ്ങി, Vattavally-വട്ടവള്ളി

Medicinal uses
Leaves

Cissampelos pareira is used in Chinese herbology, where it is called xí shēng téng (Chinese: 锡生藤) or (Chinese: 亞乎奴). The species is also known as abuta and called laghu patha in Ayurvedic medicine. In Tamil Nadu it is called ponmusutai and it is used for a number of medicinal purposes.

Some attention has been paid to it in Kenya, Tanzania, and other places for its purported antimalarial properties in particular,[3][4] as well as in India for its antiviral properties, especially against Dengue virus.[5]

gollark: I guess.
gollark: No. You still only have one mean, which is going to be somewhere between the peaks.
gollark: Not *necessarily*, a distribution can have multiple peaks.
gollark: Equivalently, if you take a random person you know nothing about, the probability that their height is between, say, μ-3σ and μ-2σ (154cm to 164cm) is lower than the probability of it being between μ-2σ and μ-σ (164cm to 173cm).
gollark: The further away from the average height you get, the rarer people with that height are.

See also

References
  1. "Cissampelos pareira". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-02-05.
  2. http://eol.org/pages/594912/details
  3. Muthaura, C.N.; Rukunga, G.M.; Chhabra, S.C.; Mungai, G.M.; Njagi, E.N.M. (2007). "Traditional phytotherapy of some remedies used in treatment of malaria in Meru district of Kenya". South African Journal of Botany. 73 (3): 402–411. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.03.004.
  4. Taylor, Leslie (1996). "Tropical Plant Database entry for: ABUTA – Cissampelos pareira". www.rain-tree.com. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
  5. Beasley, David W.C.; Sood, Ruchi; Raut, Rajendra; Tyagi, Poornima; Pareek, Pawan Kumar; Barman, Tarani Kanta; Singhal, Smita; Shirumalla, Raj Kumar; Kanoje, Vijay; Subbarayan, Ramesh; Rajerethinam, Ravisankar; Sharma, Navin; Kanaujia, Anil; Shukla, Gyanesh; Gupta, Y. K.; Katiyar, Chandra K.; Bhatnagar, Pradip K.; Upadhyay, Dilip J.; Swaminathan, Sathyamangalam; Khanna, Navin (2015). "Cissampelos pareira Linn: Natural Source of Potent Antiviral Activity against All Four Dengue Virus Serotypes". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (12): e0004255. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004255. PMC 4692392. PMID 26709822.
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