Circuit City
Circuit City Corporation is an American consumer electronics retail company, established by Ronny Shmoel in 2016 as part of his acquisition of the brand name and trademark rights sold by Systemax, which formerly operated the CircuitCity.com website from 2009 until 2012, when it was consolidated into the TigerDirect brand.
![]() | |
![]() Screenshot of CircuitCity.com on April 16, 2020. | |
Formerly | Wards Company (1949–1984) Circuit City Stores (1984–2009) CircuitCity.com (2009–2012) |
---|---|
Private | |
Industry | Retail |
Fate | Defunct as retail stores |
Predecessors | CircuitCity.com TigerDirect |
Successor | TigerDirect ![]() |
Founded | January 1, 1949 (as Wards Company) Richmond, Virginia, U.S. January 1, 1984 (as Circuit City) April 2009 (as CircuitCity.com) 2016 (as Circuit City Corporation, successor to the original and website) |
Founder | Samuel S. Wurtzel (original) Systemax (website) Ronny Shmoel (revival) |
Defunct | March 9, 2009 (as a retail) |
Headquarters | , |
Products | Consumer electronics |
Owner | Ronny Shmoel[1] |
Website | circuitcity.com |
Founded in 1949 by Samuel Wurtzel as the Wards Company, the original company operated stores across the United States and pioneered the electronics superstore format in the 1970s.[2] After multiple purchases and a successful run on the NYSE, it changed its name to Circuit City Stores Inc.
History
Early history and growth
In early 1949 Wurtzel was on vacation in Richmond, Virginia when, while at a local barber shop, he was witness to the start of television in the South.[3] Imagining the opportunities, in late 1949, he moved his family to Richmond and opened the first Wards Company retail store.[4] Later, Abraham L. Hecht joined him as a partner in the business.[5]
By 1959, Wards Company operated four television and home appliance stores in Richmond. The company continued to grow and acquired stores in other locations including Albany, New York; Mobile, Alabama; Washington, D.C.; and Costa Mesa, California. During the 1970s and early 1980s, it also sold mail-order under the name "Dixie Hi Fi", advertising in hi-fi magazines. Wards experimented with several retail formats in Richmond, including smaller mall outlets branded "Sight-n-Sound" and "Circuit City".
Wards Company officially changed its name to Circuit City and became listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1984.[6] One of the company's early slogans was "Circuit City — Where the Streets are Paved with Bargains". The company, which had leased floor space from the Zody's department stores as well as other department stores, began acquiring retail stores and turning them into Circuit City Superstores. The first of these replacements occurred in Knoxville, Tennessee; Charleston, South Carolina; and Hampton, Virginia.
![](../I/m/Circuit_City.png)
In 1981, Circuit City entered the New York City market by acquiring the six remaining stores of the bankrupt Lafayette Radio chain.[7] They operated the stores under the "Lafayette/Circuit City" name and expanded to 15 locations, but the stores were not profitable and were closed in 1986 after spending US$20 million to enter the market.[8] Wurtzel served as president of the company until 1970. He remained the chairman until 1984.[4] When he stepped down, his son Alan served as chairman until 1994.[9]
![](../I/m/CircuitCityLA.jpg)
![](../I/m/Circuit_City_logo.svg.png)
Wards purchased a new headquarters building at 2040 Thalbro Street (named after Thalhimer Bros. Department Store) in Richmond, Virginia and in the extra space opened "Wards Loading Dock", its first big-box format in 1974.[10] The large-format store was very popular with customers. The company continued to expand with the new format modeled after "Wards Loading Dock" and renamed it Circuit City Superstore in 1981.[6]
In 1988, the company began constructing the new "plug" design Superstore formats. During this era, Circuit City became known for its exceptional service, going so far as to have many of its staff factory-trained. Its slogan, likewise, was "Welcome to Circuit City, Where Service Is State of the Art".[11] Later, Circuit City returned to New York City opening a 40,000 sq ft (3,700 m2) superstore in Union Square, the first of two planned Manhattan locations.[12]
2000s
![](../I/m/Circuitcity.jpg)
By 2000, many Circuit City stores were out of date and in bad locations, unable to compete with newer Best Buy stores. In 2000, Circuit City abandoned the large appliance business and introduced a more self-serve "Big Box" format called "Horizon". This was controversial because in the previous year Circuit City was the second largest appliance retailer in the United States, behind only Sears. The company had earned nearly US$1.6 billion in sales revenue from large appliances in 1999. However, executives were concerned about the competition from Home Depot and Lowe's and believed there would be big savings in warehouse storage and delivery costs if they quit the large appliance business. It was later realized that Circuit City thus missed out on the residential housing boom of the mid-2000s, which saw a dramatic rise in new-appliance sales.
![](../I/m/Circuit_City_Denton_TX.jpg)
Every Superstore was retrofitted after the exit from the large-appliance business, using the space for an expanded self-serve computer accessory and software selection. Stores at the time sold only PlayStation games under an exclusive agreement with Sony.[13] The new space allowed them to sell Nintendo, Sega, and eventually Xbox games after the agreement ended. Music and movie sales had been added to most stores years before, but the extra space allowed the selection to be added to smaller stores. The retrofitting project alone cost the company US$1.5 billion.[14][15]
In 2003, Circuit City converted to a single hourly pay structure in all stores, eliminating commissioned sales. Many previously commissioned sales associates were offered new positions as hourly "product specialists", while 3,900 salespeople were laid off, saving the company about $130 million per year. Many company insiders later revealed that they thought this was the most influential company decision that would ultimately lead to its demise.[16][17]
In 2004, with the expansion of the wireless phone market, Circuit City partnered with Verizon Wireless to include full-service Verizon Wireless sales and service centers in each Superstore. These locations were owned and staffed by Verizon Wireless. Circuit City stopped selling wireless phones with all other carriers due to the agreement.[18][19]
In April 2004, Circuit City announced its purchase of Canadian retailer InterTAN. Circuit City paid approximately US$284 million for InterTAN's 980 stores, which operated in Canada under the trade names RadioShack, Rogers Plus, and Battery Plus. Chairman and CEO Alan McCollough believed these existing small-format stores provided an easy entry into Canada, a country where Best Buy had been expanding.[20][21] RadioShack sued InterTan in April 2004 over the branding use of RadioShack in Canada.[22] Circuit City lost the lawsuit and all Canadian locations were renamed The Source by Circuit City in 2005.[23] These stores were sold to Bell Canada and continue to operate.
![](../I/m/Circuit_City_Torrington%2C_CT_(6935753191).jpg)
In 2007, a new 20,000-square-foot (1,900 m2) store format was introduced as "The City" and designed to eliminate previously under-utilized space. The smaller format gave the company greater flexibility to enter new markets and backfill existing ones. Most new store openings in 2008 used this new store format.[24]
On February 8, 2007, Circuit City announced that it planned to close seven domestic Superstores and a Kentucky distribution center to cut costs and improve its financial performance.[25] News reports also mention that 62 stores in Canada were to close.[26]
Circuit City announced on February 23, 2007 that its Chief Financial Officer, Michael Foss, would leave the company. This unsettled investors and analysts concerned about management turnover. "This represents the third departure of a senior executive in the past six months, and the second departure of a top-five executive in the past month" said Goldman Sachs analyst Matthew Fassler in a client note. Chief Executive Officer Phil Schoonover's "hand-picked team is turning over faster than we would like to see in a turnaround situation."[27]
In 2007, the starting wage for new employees was dropped from $8.75 an hour down to $7.40 an hour ($6.55 being the federal minimum wage at the time). In a press release on March 28, 2007, Circuit City announced that in a "wage management" decision in order to cut costs, it had laid off approximately 3400 better-paid associates and would re-staff the positions at the lower market-based salaries. Laid-off associates were provided severance and offered a chance to be re-hired after ten weeks at prevailing wages. The Washington Post reported interviews with management concerning the firings.[28] The Post later reported in May 2007 that the layoffs, and consequent loss of experienced sales staff, appeared to be "backfiring" and resulting in slower sales.[29]
In April 2008, video rental firm Blockbuster announced a bid worth $1 billion to purchase Circuit City.[30] In July 2008, Blockbuster withdrew its offer due to market conditions.[31]
In August 2008, the chain's head office demanded stores destroy all copies of an issue of Mad magazine which described "Sucker City" as a chain with a long list of locations, all in proximity to each other and each adjacent to a rival Best Buy store.[32]
Philip J. Schoonover, CEO, President and Chairman of the Board of Circuit City Stores, Inc. announced his immediate resignation on September 22, 2008. James A. Marcum, former Vice Chairman of the board, was named acting CEO. Allen King was selected Chairman of the Board.[33] This switch was said to be due to a stream of losses stemming from the rapid decline of flat-panel TV prices, and possibly due to the strong call for Schoonover's removal from activist shareholder Mark Wattles.[34]
Bankruptcy and liquidation
![](../I/m/CircuitCityBankruptcy.jpg)
![](../I/m/2009-02-26_Circuit_City_going_out_of_business.jpg)
On November 4, 2008, Circuit City announced that it would close 155 stores and lay off 17% of its workforce by the end of the year as a result of continuing difficulties in remaining profitable.[35][36] On November 7, 2008, Circuit City laid off between 500 and 800 corporate employees from its Richmond, Virginia headquarters. The approximately 1,000 remaining corporate employees were consolidated into one building in an effort to further reduce costs and improve profitability.[37] On November 10, 2008, Circuit City filed for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.[38][39] At that time, Circuit City's stock traded well below $1 per share, and was removed from listing on the New York Stock Exchange.[40]
In bankruptcy court, Circuit City was approved to borrow $1.1 billion to finance operations while restructuring.[9] Court filings revealed that the company had assets of $3.4 billion and debt of $2.32 billion,[41] including a $119 million debt to Hewlett-Packard and a $116 million debt to Samsung Electronics.[42] Chief executive James A. Marcum promised that the stores would stay open and the chain would not be liquidated.[43][44]
On November 18, 2008, it was announced that Ricardo Salinas Pliego, current owner of Mexican television broadcaster TV Azteca and electronics store chain Elektra, had purchased 28 percent of Circuit City.[45]
![](../I/m/2009-02-26_Circuit_City_store_closing_everything_must_go.jpg)
On January 10, 2009, it was announced by a company spokesman that Circuit City needed a buyer by January 16, 2009 to keep from shutting its doors due to an approaching deadline set by the court and creditors.[46] Although two unnamed parties were interested in buying out Circuit City,[47] a bidder could not be found,[48] so Circuit City, with bankruptcy court approval, converted its Chapter 11 bankruptcy to Chapter 7,[49] and started airing "going out of business" commercials, as they started closing all of their stores.[48] The Canadian operations, which were run under The Source by Circuit City banner, were not initially affected by the liquidation, but were later sold to Bell Canada.[50]
According to Circuit City's website, the company announced on January 16, 2009 that it intended to liquidate all of its stores. Reportedly, over 30,000 employees lost their jobs in the liquidation,[51] as well as 45% of Verizon's Circuit City sales force being laid off with the remainder resigning or transferring to other Verizon locations.[52]
The final day of operations for all Circuit City stores was March 8, 2009.[53] Besides retail auto dealerships, Circuit City closed more retail locations in the U.S. than any other retail chain in 2009.[54] Circuit City selected Great American Group LLC, Hudson Capital Partners LLC, SB Capital Group LLC, and Tiger Capital Group LLC[55] to handle the liquidation of all stores nationwide. Liquidation was completed on March 9, 2009.
During the liquidation of all Circuit City stores across the nation, the company's online store was closed, and replaced it with a page that read as follows:[56]
Circuit City would like to thank all of the customers who have shopped with us over the past 60 years. Unfortunately, we announced on January 16, 2009, that we are going out of business.
— Circuit City Stores, Inc., via its webpage
Revivals
Systemax, Inc., in April 2009, signed a stalking horse agreement for $6.5 million, which was an initial offer for the bankrupt Circuit City's assets.[57]
On May 13, 2009, it was announced that Systemax had purchased the Circuit City brand name, trademarks, and e-commerce website for US$14 million at auction from Circuit City Stores, Inc. on May 11, with the deal set to take effect on May 19.[58][59] Systemax relaunched the CircuitCity.com website on May 22, 2009, as an online retailer of consumer electronics.[60] Systemax had earlier acquired both CompUSA and TigerDirect separately, which superficially continued to operate as separate online retailers with the same website formats and product catalog along with the new CircuitCity.com site. The revived site's front page initially looked similar to the original front page, while other pages were similar in appearance and functionality to the other two sites.[61] All three sites eventually transitioned into slightly rebranded mirrors of each other.
On November 2, 2012, it was announced that Systemax would drop both the CompUSA and Circuit City storefront brands by consolidating their businesses under the TigerDirect brand and website. This ended, after 63 years, the use of the Circuit City brand name.[62]
It was reported in January 2016 that the Circuit City brand would be revived as Circuit City Corporation by area retail veteran Ronny Shmoel, who acquired the brand from Systemax.[63][64] Circuit City was originally set to reopen in June 2016,[65] but the postponed relaunch was announced at CES for February 15, 2018.[66] On August 22, 2018, Circuit City Corporation officially relaunched the brand name as an online retailer and announced plans to begin operating as a store-within-a-store chain.[67]
Former subsidiaries
CarMax
![](../I/m/2008-11-11_CarMax_in_Raleigh.jpg)
CarMax is a used car auto superstore concept developed in 1991 at Circuit City by Austin Ligon, then Circuit City's Senior VP of Planning, and Rick Sharp, then Circuit City CEO. The goal of CarMax was to revolutionize used car retailing through a combination of large selection (400+ used cars at each store); low, no-haggle pricing; guaranteed quality; and a consumer-friendly shopping experience. The first location opened in Richmond, Virginia in September 1993. CarMax grew slowly for its first four years as the team refined the basic concept, then went public through an IPO as a "tracking stock" (KMX) of Circuit City in February 1997. The offering was managed by Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs, and raised more than $400mm for a 20% interest in the company, with Circuit City retaining the remaining 80% ownership. CarMax used the proceeds to repay Circuit City's initial $170mm investment in the company, then used the remainder to grow rapidly, adding 27 more stores from 1997 to 2000, and turning its first profit in FY2001.[68] Circuit City sold a further 10% of its interest in CarMax in July 2001 for $140mm, with proceeds going to Circuit City. CarMax was spun off from Circuit City in a tax free distribution to shareholders in October 2002 to allow both companies to grow and be valued independently. The stock distribution provided Circuit City shareholders with KMX stock valued at over $1.2bn at the time of the spin off in 2002.[68]
Circuit City Express
Circuit City Express was a chain of mall-based Circuit City stores with over 55 locations at its peak. The first locations opened in Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; and McLean, Virginia in 1989.[69] The stores were originally called "Impulse", but were later renamed in 1993 to focus on the strength of the Circuit City brand. These stores focused on small electronic products for personal use or to be given as gifts. Cellular phones were a major focus of the business since all major carriers were sold until the exclusive agreement with Verizon Wireless in 2004. Circuit City Express stores offered Superstore prices and the Circuit City "Price Match Guarantee" in a mall environment. Most of the locations closed in the early 2000s as the original 10 year leases expired.
DIVX
DIVX was developed by Circuit City and launched in 1997 as an alternative to DVD. DIVX discs cost $5 each, but could only be played for 48 hours on proprietary set-top players before a continuation fee was required to continue viewing. The player was connected to a phone line to check whether the disc was still valid.[70] Opposition to the format and limited acceptance by the public led Circuit City to discontinue the format in 1999. Circuit City took a US$114 million loss to close its DIVX division.
Firedog
Firedog was launched in August 2006 to provide in-store, in-home, and online computer and home theatre technical support and installation services[71] in competition with other retailers' consumer and business technical services offerings such as Best Buy's Geek Squad and Staples' EasyTech.[72] The Firedog brand was sold to Firstmark for US$250,000 in September 2009, approximately six months after the liquidation of all Circuit City stores.[73]
First North American National Bank
First North American National Bank was created by Circuit City to operate its private-label credit card in 1990.[74] In 2002, Circuit City began offering a co-branded Visa credit card. It sold both of these operations in 2004 to Bank One (now Chase Bank).
Patapsco Designs
Patapsco Designs was acquired by Circuit City in 1987.[75] The company was in charge of designing product displays and other electronic services for Circuit City. Patapsco Designs was founded in 1977 and is based in Frederick, Maryland and in November 2004 was acquired by American Computer Development Inc. Patapsco Designs, Inc. filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in joint administration with Circuit City Stores, Inc. in November 2008.[76]
Legal battles
In 2004, RadioShack sued InterTAN to prematurely terminate its role as reseller for the Radio Shack line in Canada;[77] the stores rebranded as "The Source by Circuit City". In 2005, InterTAN sued RadioShack in an attempt to prevent it from re-entering the Canadian marketplace as a direct competitor;[78] while this effort failed, the nine new RadioShack-branded stores closed their doors by 2007.[79]
In 2005, Circuit City agreed to pay $173,220 in settlement and investigation reimbursement costs due to a false advertising claim in a 2004 New Jersey court case. The court found that important information pertaining to sale items was purposely obscured within the advertisement, thus potentially deceiving customers.[80]
Circuit City's City Advantage Plan was also challenged in a United States District Court in Massachusetts. The plaintiffs' claim concerned Circuit City's cancellation of its warranty plan without full disclosure of the plan at the time of sale. The plaintiffs cited breach of contract, unjust enrichment, and violation of the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act. Circuit City requested the matter be dismissed. The court, however, upheld the plaintiffs' claim that the monies paid for the protection plan be reimbursed and credit be issued for non-working goods returned.[81]
Liquidators handling the sale of remaining Circuit City inventory have also become the target of consumer complaints, not only for often-uncompetitive pricing of items but also for an "all sales final" policy which allows the sale of defective or damaged merchandise at former Circuit City locations with no recourse afforded to the consumer.[82]
Real estate holdings
Due to the expansion of Circuit City stores in the 1970s-1990s, the company accumulated a surplus of unused real estate with a presence in nearly every major market in the country. Although a typical retail location is approximately 30,000 square feet (2700 m²), the company had numerous freestanding and in-line locations ranging from 2,000 to 50,000 square feet (180 to 4500 m²), and had surplus office, service and distribution locations scattered across the country. During Circuit City's 2005 fiscal year (March 1, 2004 through February 28, 2005), the company disposed of approximately 1.2 million square feet (108,000 m²) of vacant retail space.[83] In January 2007, Circuit City's vice president for real estate announced plans to open 200–300 stores in the next two years, a large increase from the current trend of 10–12 stores a year.[84] Due to the economic conditions the company faced, they did not reach that goal. Many of these stores, however, did open in 2008 and operated for only a few weeks before closing. Some were built and never opened and upon the company's declaration of bankruptcy, it was discovered that large expenditures were due to paying leases on buildings that were not even opened to the public.
In January 2010, the main Circuit City headquarters building was put up for sale. The five-story 288,650-square-foot (26,816 m2) office building, "Deep Run I", had been appraised at $46.2 million. New York–based Lexington Property Trust defaulted on a $17 million commercial mortgage and the lender foreclosed on the property. The asking price was set at $11 million.[85][86][87] The former headquarters was sold in September 2010, for $3 million to DRCC Properties, LLC. They also bought the 58 acres (23 ha) of land that the building sits on for $2.75 million.[88]
References
- https://www.cnbc.com/2016/01/28/circuit-city-is-back-from-the-dead-again.html
- Gilligan, Gregory (June 28, 1993). "Circuit City plugged into future". The Free Lance-Star. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
- "Overview, Personal Life, Career Details, Chronology: Samuel Wurtzel Alan L. Wurtzel". Free Encyclopedias. Net Industries. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Obituary: Samuel S. Wurtzel". The New York Times. December 7, 1985. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- "Circuit City: 2009 Going Out of Business Liquidation Sales, History, and Trivia". About.com. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- Janofsky, Michael (October 25, 1993). "Circuit City Takes a Spin At Used Car Marketing". The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- Rich Post (December 2012). "Sixty Years of Lafayette Radio". ohio.edu. Archived from the original on July 7, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Circuit City Stores, Inc. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Circuit City Stores, Inc". Reference for Business. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
- Wise, Warren (January 17, 2009). "Circuit City closing". The Post and Courier. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- orange.mync.com (November 10, 2008). "Circuit City Files For Bankruptcy Protection". Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- Trexler Channel (July 28, 2008). "Circuit City Dancing Dog commercial". YouTube. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- Circuit City Stores, Inc. (October 20, 1998). "Circuit City to Grand Open First Manhattan Superstore". PR Newswire Association, LLC. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Cyrogenic. "Circuit City". Retro Junk. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Chandler, Susan (July 26, 2000). "Circuit City Abandons Appliances For Electronics". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Ramstad, Evan (July 26, 2000). "Circuit City Unveils Plans to ExitAppliance Business, Take Charges". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Willis, Barry (February 10, 2003). "Cutbacks at Circuit City". Stereophile. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Hill, Brandon (March 29, 2007). "Circuit City Fires 3,400 "Overpaid" Employees". Daily Tech. Archived from the original on September 20, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Hanford, Desiree J. (August 30, 2004). "Circuit City Stores Will Have Verizon Wireless Stores Inside". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Circuit City and Verizon Wireless Expand Relationship; Plan to Launch New Store Concept". Verizon Wireless News Center. August 29, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Rose, Barbara (April 1, 2004). "Circuit City buys MusicNow service". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Inc., Circuit City Stores. "Circuit City Stores, Inc. Agrees to Acquire InterTAN, Inc. for $14 Per Share". PRNNewsWire. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Radio Shack sues InterTan Inc". Dallas Business Journal. April 6, 2004. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Canadian RadioShack stores get new name". CBC News. April 27, 2005. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Wolf, Alan (January 7, 2008). "Circuit's 'City' May Be Go-Forward Format For Chain". Twice. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Circuit City Stores, Inc. Announces Changes to Improve Financial Performance". Newsroom. Circuit City. February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on March 24, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Associated Press (February 9, 2007). "Circuit City plans to close dozens of stores". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Farrell, Andrew (February 26, 2007). "Departure Of Foss Shocks Circuit City Investors - Forbes". Forbes. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Mui, Ylan Q. (March 29, 2007). "Circuit City Cuts 3,400 'Overpaid' Workers". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- Joyce, Amy (May 2, 2007). "Circuit City's Job Cuts Backfiring, Analysts Say". Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "Blockbuster bids $1B for Circuit City". ABC News. Dallas, Texas. April 14, 2008. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "Blockbuster withdraws proposal to acquire Circuit City". Forbes. July 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
- "Circuit City Orders All Stores To Destroy Issue Of Mad Magazine Parodying "Sucker City"". Consumerist. August 4, 2008. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- "informationweek.com". informationweek.com. September 23, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- businessweek
- Popken, Ben (November 10, 2008). "UPDATED: Breaking: Circuit City Closing 155 Stores". Consumerist. Archived from the original on November 10, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Galuszka, Peter (November 13, 2008). "Eight Reasons Why Circuit City Went Bankrupt". CBS Money Watch. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Llovio, Louis (November 7, 2008). "Circuit City laying off headquarters employees". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
- "Circuit City Stores, Inc. - 3:08-bk-35653" (PDF). PacerMonitor. Virginia Eastern Bankruptcy Court. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Jacobs, Karen (November 10, 2008). "Circuit City files for bankruptcy protection". Reuters. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- "Circuit City Stores, Inc. Statement Regarding NYSE Move to Delist Common Stock". News Blaze. November 10, 2008. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- "dailytech". dailytech. Archived from the original on November 13, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "bloomberg". bloomberg. November 10, 2008. Archived from the original on March 21, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- Rosenbloom, Stephanie (November 10, 2008). "Circuit City Seeks Bankruptcy Protection". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Mui, Ylan Q. (November 11, 2008). "washingtonpost.com, Circuit City Files for Chapter 11 Protection". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "Mexican tycoon Salinas sets eyes on Circuit City". Reuters. November 18, 2008. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "Circuit City needs buyer by next week". UPI. January 10, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Peer, Melinda (January 10, 2009). "Circuit City Sparks Interest". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 21, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Bagley, Chris (January 16, 2009). "Bankruptcy to kill 150 jobs at local Circuit City stores". North County Times. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Yang, Lawrence (January 24, 2009). "Circuit City converts to Chapter 7". Asian Journal. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
- "circuitcity.com". circuitcity.com. Archived from the original on January 4, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- Circuit City Stores, Inc. (January 16, 2009). "Circuit City Stores, Inc. to Liquidate". Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Wylie, Pete (February 10, 2009). "Update: Verizon Wireless lays off employees formerly at Circuit City". Fierce Wireless. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- "Circuit City's Final Sales Day: Key Indicators Found in Chapter 11 of the U.S. Retail Industry Story". Retailindustry.about.com. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "2009 Retail Store Closings and Liquidations: Complete and Updated Ongoing List of Retailers Going Out of Business". Retailindustry.about.com. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "How Liquidators Profit from Circuit City's Loss". time.com. January 22, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- "Announcement". Circuit City Stores, Inc. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
- Circuit City brand, Web site sold at auction – Associated Press – May 13, 2009
- "Accessed on May 20, 2009". Circuitcity.com. January 1, 1970. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- Video on Main Page on May 20, 2009 dailymotion.com Archived May 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- "Systemax Announces Definitive Agreement to Acquire Selected Assets and Retail Stores From CompUSA". RedOrbit.com. January 6, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2008.
- dailytech Archived May 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Accessed on May 25, 2009.
- "Systemax To Cut Circuit City, CompUSA Brands, Exit PC Manufacturing". Twice.com. November 2, 2012. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
- "Circuit City Set To Return This Spring". January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- "Circuit City is back from the dead, again - CNBC.com". January 28, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- "Circuit City Update: 'Taking Our Time To Get It Right'". June 20, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- Wolf, Alan (January 9, 2018). "Circuit City To Relaunch Feb. 15". Twice. Retrieved January 14, 2018.
- Stott, Rob. "In Time for Black Friday, Circuit City is Back and Aiming to Truly Differentiate - Dealerscope". Dealerscope. Retrieved November 22, 2018.
- "CarMax". Archived from the original on April 29, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
- answers.com. "Circuit City". Retrieved August 30, 2009.
- pcworld.com (May 26, 2006). "The 25 Worst Tech Products of All Time". Retrieved November 10, 2009.
- "Timeline of Circuit City Stores Inc". MSN. March 8, 2009. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- Gogoi, Pallavi (August 24, 2006). "Circuit City's Secret Service Plan". Businessweek.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- kamcity.com (September 2, 2009). "US: Circuit City Sells Online Assets". Archived from the original on September 7, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
- "Circuit City Stores, Inc. Company Timeline". Wayback Machine (originally on investor.circuitcity.com). September 28, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- Kady, Martin (August 2, 2002). "Circuit City unit Patapsco lays off one-third of staff". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2009.
- businessweek.com (November 10, 2009). "Patapsco Designs, Inc". Retrieved November 10, 2009.
- "Radio Shack sues InterTan Inc". Dallas Business Journal.
- "C'City Sues RadioShack". twice.com. May 18, 2005.
- "Important information about RadioShack Canada". radioshack.ca. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008.
- "New Jersey Office of the Attorney General". Nj.gov. October 20, 2005. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "Schacter, and as representative for all persons similarly situated vs. Circuit City, Inc 05-12456-MNG" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- Customers Burned In Circuit City Closeout Sale: No Recourse Offered For Damaged Items Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, WCVB 5 Boston, February 23, 2009
- storetrax.com Archived June 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- Parija B. Kavilanz, CNNMoney.com staff writer (January 15, 2007). "Circuit City to roll out new prototype store – Jan. 15, 2007". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved October 28, 2009.
- "For sale: Circuit City headquarters". Richmond BizSense. January 13, 2010. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
- "Circuit City HQ returned to lender". Richmond BizSense. November 17, 2009. Archived from the original on November 25, 2009. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
- "Citybizlist Washington, D.C. – former Circuit City HQ Up for Sale". Dcrealestate.citybizlist.com. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
- "Circuit City HQ building sold". Richmond BizSense. September 17, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
External links
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Circuit City. |