Christopher M. Jeffries

Christopher Michael Jeffries is an American real estate developer, lawyer, and philanthropist who co-founded the national real estate firm Millennium Partners, known for the development of the Millennium Towers in New York, Boston, and San Francisco as well as the redevelopment of Hotel St. Moritz.

Education

Jeffries graduated from Columbia College in 1972 and University of Michigan Law School in 1974.[1][2]

Career

After receiving his law degree, Jeffries began his career as a lawyer in the Southfield, Michigan, law firm of Keywell & Rosenfeld.[2] He then served as a principal in the leveraged buyout of Key International Inc., a metal recycling and automotive equipment manufacturing business.[3]

General Atlantic

Jeffries met Philip Aarons, who was chairing the New York City Public Development Corporation at that time and the two worked on housing developments in Staten Island.[4] The two joined General Atlantic and ran its real estate division.[4] Throughout the 1980s, he and Aarons constructed subsidized low-income housing in Manhattan and Brooklyn.[4]

In April 1990, the American Broadcasting Company decided to sell two full blocks on the East Side of Broadway between Sixty-Eighth and Sixty-Ninth Streets.[5] However, it was also a time of recession and it was difficult to get financing for almost any construction. A syndicate led by William Zeckendorf Jr. and Martin J. Raynes fell apart because they were unable to secure funding, and the latter was driven to bankruptcy in 1991 after the real estate downturn.[5][6]

Jeffries then stepped in to take over the project, but his superiors at General Atlantic thought the deal was infeasible. As a result, Jeffries and Aarons departed General Atlantic and were given the right to proceed with their transaction from the company. Jeffries and Aarons, joined by Philip Lovett, started their own real estate firm, Millennium Partners, in 1990.[4][5]

Millennium Partners

Millennium won the backing of Goldman Sachs and American Broadcasting Company offered them a $13 million reduction in the $105 million purchase price for the land. Eager to keep the deal alive, Jeffries came up with $1 million of his own money to secure the agreement.[5] However, further challenges lies ahead in securing the remaining $81 million in a credit-scarce market. Jeffries came up with a novel way of financing the project by developing a mixed-used, urban entertainment, retail, office, and residential complex and pre-selling different segment of the building to various owners, both individuals and corporations. The use of the building would also be differentiated by having two separate entrances for commercial and residential uses.[4][5][7]

By 1991, he secured financial commitments from Sony (whose space later was sold to Loews Theater), LA Fitness, Gap Inc.,United States Postal Service, as well as J.P. Morgan & Co. as future tenants of Millennium Tower.[4][5] Their initial success has allowed them to develop two other buildings in Lincoln Square, Manhattan, One Lincoln Square and the Grand Millennium.[5]

The announcement of Millennium Tower brought controversies over its density, height, and design, that Brendan Gill described the 'immense structure' as 'grossly over-scaled' and objected to the 'exceptionally busy' mix of uses.[4][8] Those protests later helped set new zoning laws in the district.[5]

The Millennium Tower was, nevertheless, a commercial success that attracted celebrity tenants such as Howard Stern, Liam Neeson, Jon Bon Jovi, and Regis Philbin, earned over a quarter billion dollars and inspired other real estate developers to follow suit.[5][9] According to Michael Gross, author of House of Outrageous Fortune, the children of real estate developer William Zeckendorf later used Jeffries' pioneering formula in developing 15 Central Park West as their family was investors in the Millennium Tower as well.[5]

Jeffries later partnered with The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company and Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts to replicate similar real estate projects that combine condominiums and hotels in mixed-used complexes in other cities, totaling $2 billion in investment.[9][10][11][12] Among the cities is San Francisco, where he developed the Millennium Tower, controversial for its sinking foundations and tilting problems, and Four Seasons Hotel, San Francisco.[13][14][15] In addition to the under construction Winthrop Center, he has helped develop Millennium Tower, Millennium Place, and owned the historic Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Boston.[16][17][18] In Miami, he spearheaded the development of the Four Seasons Hotel Miami, which was the tallest building in the city from 2003 to 2017.[19][20] In Washington, DC, he helped the development of The Ritz-Carlton, Washington, D.C. as well as The Ritz-Carlton, Georgetown.[21][22]

Through Millenium Partners, he owns the Hotel St. Moritz, which he developed into The Ritz-Carlton New York, Central Park, as well as condominiums and led to a turnaround of its status, attracting prominent tenants such as Jean-Marie Messier, Sidney Kimmel, Larry Ellison, and Mitchell Rales.[23][24] Jeffries' condo in the building, purchased in 2002, was the highest-priced in the New York real estate market when it was sold in 2012.[25][26]

Philanthropy

In 2018, Jeffries and his wife, Lisa, committed $33 million to the University of Michigan Law School, which is the largest donation the school has received.[27] His total contribution to University of Michigan is $40 million, including $5 million for a new campus building renamed Jeffries Hall in his honor, and $2.5 million for the law school's 1L Summer Funding Program.[2][28]

In March 2020, he donated $25 million to the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, which is the largest single donation in the system's 105-year history. The money will be used to help advance cancer research and treatment.[29][30]

Personal life

Outside his business career, he is most known for being the former husband of Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, the daughter of actress Rita Hayworth and Prince Aly Khan, son of Aga Khan III.[5] The couple had been active in organizations promoting research in Alzheimer's disease.[31] They married in 1989 and their reception attracted a high-profile crowd include UN Secretary General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Senators Chris Dodd and Larry Pressler, author Jerzy Kosiński, songwriter Ahmet Ertegun, and Donald Trump.[32][31] The couple divorced in 1993, citing abandonment.[33][34]

gollark: Fully automated luxury gay space [TODO: ECONOMIC SYSTEM] when?
gollark: I mean, we still have to do *work* to attain *physical resources*.
gollark: This seems like more of a technical problem than a social one right now.
gollark: If my reward function and such are tweaked a ton, I may not consider the result "me".
gollark: That might not actually be enjoyable. You would probably want to optimize them for long-term human satisfaction somehow, which is hard.

References
  1. Columbia College Today. New York City: Columbia College, Office of Alumni Affairs and Development. 1989. p. 59.
  2. "Lisa and Christopher Jeffries, '74, Commit $33 million to Michigan Law for Student Support". www.law.umich.edu. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  3. "Home". Millennium Partners. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  4. Rothstein, Mervyn (1995-12-03). "West Side Story: Three Partners And an Idea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  5. Gross, Michael, 1952- author. House of outrageous fortune : Fifteen Central Park West, the world's most powerful address. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-1-4516-6620-5. OCLC 905980380.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Seal, Mark. "The Man Who Ate Hollywood". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  7. "Christopher and Lisa Jeffries". Inside Philanthropy. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  8. "Millennium Tower, Building Review". www.cityrealty.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  9. "Here's One Developer Who (Maybe) Knows When to Quit REAL ESTATE: MILLENNIUM'S COMPLEX EDIFICES - April 12, 1999". archive.fortune.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  10. Frey, Jennifer (August 24, 1999). "Striking It Ritz". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
  11. Baker. H. (2017). Hotel design, planning and development. Magnum Publishing LLC. pp. 153–158. ISBN 978-1-68250-339-3. OCLC 1001867444.
  12. "Millennium Partners Garners Hospitality Industry Deal of Year". www.hotelnewsresource.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  13. Halbfinger, David M. (1997-06-03). "Millennium Partners Raises $300 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  14. "San Francisco's leaning tower of lawsuits". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  15. Hudson, Kris (2010-06-01). "Luxury Chain Cuts the Flowers, Sends Out Wash at Some Hotels". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  16. "Millennium Partners Celebrates Construction Commencement of $630 Million Millennium Tower Boston Development, Marking New Era for Downtown Crossing". www.businesswire.com. 2013-09-17. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  17. Dunlap, David W. (2002-04-10). "COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE; What's in a Name? For Ritz-Carlton, About 25%". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  18. "Millennium Partners Completes $122 Mln Buy of Ritz-Carlton Boston". www.crenews.com. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  19. admin. "Millennium Partners Closes On $215 Million Construction Financing for Four Seasons Hotel and Tower M". Hotel-Online. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  20. "Miami's 10 Tallest Office Buildings". www.cpexecutive.com. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  21. Haggerty, Maryann (June 5, 1998). "RITZ-CARLTON TO RETURN TO D.C." Washington Post. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  22. Deane, Daniela (December 21, 2003). "Reluctance for Ritz in Georgetown". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  23. "50 Central Park South at The Ritz-Carlton, Building Review". www.cityrealty.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  24. Keil, Braden (2001-12-13). "VIVENDI, ORACLE HONCHOS LAND AT NEW RITZ". New York Post. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  25. Toy, Vivian S. (2012-03-08). "Bounteous Closet Space and Park Views for $77.5 Million". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  26. Zeveloff, Julie. "The Broker Who Sold Sandy Weill's $88 Million Penthouse Is Now Selling New York's New Most Expensive Condo". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  27. "Couple's $33M gift the largest in history of University of Michigan Law School". mlive. 2018-12-07. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  28. Editor, Matt Harmon Daily News. "Regents approve building renovations, rename South Hall after $33M donation". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved 2020-05-30.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  29. "Henry Ford Receives $25 Million Gift, Largest Single Donation in its History". www.henryford.com. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  30. Di Mento, Maria (March 16, 2020). "N.Y. Real Estate Mogul Gives $25 Million to Henry Ford Health System (Gifts Roundup)". www.philanthropy.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  31. "Gala reception for Princess Yasmin Aga Khan". UPI. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  32. Kilian, Michael. "MARRY-MAKERS". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
  33. "Princess Yasmin Aga Khan Wed to Christopher Jeffries". The New York Times. 1989-02-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
  34. News, Deseret (1993-12-11). "JUDGE GRANTS DIVORCE TO PRINCESS AGA KHAN". Deseret News. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
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