Chicago Options Associates

Chicago Options Associates (COA) is a finance company in Chicago, Illinois which specializes in trading options and futures contracts. It was founded in 1987 by Oliver R. W. Pergams and Michael E. Davis. In 1994 Davis was its chief executive officer, hiring then-graduate student Jimmy Jimbo Wales as research director; Wales served in this position until 1998.

Chicago Options Associates
For-profit
IndustryFinance
Founded1987
FounderMichael E. Davis
Oliver R. W. Pergams
Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois
,
United States
Key people
Michael E. Davis
Oliver R. W. Pergams
Jimmy Wales
ServicesTrading: options and futures contracts

The company and Davis were the subject of litigation resulting from a 2007 Illinois Supreme Court decision. In Dowling v. Chicago Options Associates, plaintiff Brian Dowling successfully sued the company (and Davis), winning a judgement of US$817,830.45 from both defendants. Davis tried to shield his assets by transferring funds to a law firm, DLA Piper, which had assisted him in buying a home in Florida. During this representation, Davis paid a retainer of $100,000 to DLA Piper; Dowling maintained that he was owed this money. Although the circuit and appellate courts agreed with Dowling, the Illinois Supreme Court reversed and found with DLA Piper. The Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Association filed amicus curiae briefs in the case, favoring the law firm's position. This decision by the Illinois Supreme Court was the first time the concept of "advance payment retainer" was recognized in the state, and the court codified its ruling into a 2009 regulation affecting legal practice in Illinois.

History

Options and futures trading
Michael E. Davis in 2006

Chicago Options Associates is a finance company incorporated in Chicago, Illinois which specializes in trading options and futures contracts.[1][2][3][4] It was founded in 1987 by Michael E. Davis (a 1983 MBA graduate from the University of Chicago) and Oliver R. W. Pergams, who received a bachelor's degree from that school in 1981.[5] The company originally had offices in Chicago and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[5] The chief executive officer of Chicago Options Associates in 1994 was Michael Davis,[6] and the company had established a successful reputation in Chicago.[7]

Davis hired Indiana University economics Ph.D. graduate student Jimmy Wales to analyze the company's pricing-model strategy;[6][8][9] Wales left his graduate program to join the company[2][7] as research director,[10][11][12] serving in that capacity from 1994 through 1998.[13][14][15] He was adept at determining future movements of foreign currencies and interest rates,[16][17] and Davis mentored Wales in more-aggressive financial trading.[7]

Davis joined Wales and Tim Shell in 1996 to form the Internet company, Bomis.[6][18][19] In 2003, when Wales decided to form a non-profit organization to manage the website Wikipedia, Davis, Shell and Wales formed the initial three-member Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees.[6]

In 2013, Chicago Options Associates was located on LaSalle Street in Chicago.[20][21]

Dowling v Chicago Options Associates, Inc

In 2007, the company was the subject of a decision in a lawsuit before the Illinois Supreme Court[3][22] when a creditor argued that it was owed monies from the defendants after judgments were obtained against them.[22] The court ruled against the creditor and in favor of the law firm, stating that the retainer owed to the firm took precedence.[22][23] In Dowling v Chicago Options Associates, Inc, the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that preemptive retainers used by attorneys were acceptable arrangements with clients.[3][24][25]

The original case was between plaintiff Brian Dowling and defendants Chicago Options Associates and Michael E. Davis,[26] in which Dowling won a judgement of $817,830.45 from the defendants.[26] After the court entered its judgement against him, Davis then tried to shield his assets from the plaintiff[26] using his attorney-client relationship with the law firm of DLA Piper to assist him in buying a home in Florida.[26] As part of this arrangement, Davis transferred funds into a trust account controlled by DLA Piper.[26] At that time, as stated in the contract between DLA Piper and Davis, the law firm was allocated $100,000 of those funds as its retainer;[26] the funds were used to pay day-to-day company expenses.[26]

When Dowling's attorneys learned about the retainer to DLA Piper they asked the court to order the return of the retainer to the plaintiff,[26] and the circuit court ruled in favor of Dowling.[26] On appeal, the decision was upheld.[26] The Illinois Supreme Court reversed the circuit-court decision, ruling that the retainer was the property of DLA Piper and not Dowling.[26]

Both the Illinois State Bar Association and Chicago Bar Association filed amicus curiae briefs in the case favoring the law firm's position.[3][27] The case dealt with the concept of an advance payment retainer, a fee given to an attorney for later services to a client.[3][28] An advance payment retainer became part of an attorney's assets as soon as it was paid, regardless of subsequent events.[28][29] More common types of retainer defined by the court included the classic retainer (also known as a true retainer)[30] and the security retainer.[3][31] A classic retainer was described by the court as one used in an attorney-client relationship for a set length of time or a particular purpose.[3][28] A security retainer referred to a deposit kept in a trust account by the attorney, distinct from their own assets.[3][28] The case was the first recognition of advance payment retainers in Illinois.[28][32][33]

The case became a parameter for defining retainers in Illinois.[4][34][35] The Illinois Bar Journal observed in 2009, "The starting point for any discussion of getting paid for work in the private practice of law is retainer fees. In Dowling v Chicago Options Associates, Inc ... the supreme court identified three types of lawyer retainer fees that are permissible in this state ..." and referred to the legal descriptions as "Dowling fee classifications".[4]

On July 1, 2009, the Illinois Supreme Court codified the definitions set forth in the case as a rule applicable to the practice of law in the state;[36] known as Rule 1.15(c),[37] it came into practice on January 1, 2010.[38] The Illinois Bar Journal noted, "Paragraph (c) of the rule reflects the recent supreme court decision in Dowling v Chicago Options Associates, Inc (4) and describes in detail the so-called advance payment retainer recognized in Dowling."[36]

gollark: Well, the fact that I can no longer buy anything because the economy imploded mostly.
gollark: I will probably have bigger problems in that case.
gollark: Yes, well, we're talking about what happens/might happen in the future.
gollark: What happens if people eventually get round to mining asteroids?
gollark: Why not?

See also

References
  1. Doran, James (December 23, 2006). "Curiosity filled the biggest textbook in the world; Factbox". The Times. London, England. p. 49.
  2. Craig, Elise (April 2013). "The Encyclopedic Mind of Jimmy Wales". Wired. Conde Nast Publications, Inc. 21 (4): 84.
  3. Gunnarsson, Helen W. (June 2007). "The Illinois Supreme Court OKs advance payment retainers". Illinois Bar Journal. Illinois Bar Association. 95 (6): 286.
  4. "Defending politicians, getting paid". Illinois Bar Journal. Illinois State Bar Association. 97 (2): 69. February 2009.
  5. "Oliver R. W. Pergams, AB'81, and Michael E. Davis, MBA'83". The University of Chicago Magazine. University of Chicago. 80: 58. 1987.
  6. Lih, Andrew (2009). The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia. Hyperion. pp. 19–23, 183–185. ISBN 1-4013-0371-4.
  7. Susan Meyer (2012). Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia. Rosen Pub Group. pp. 29–35, 56–58, 84–86. ISBN 978-1-4488-6912-1.
  8. Chozick, Amy (June 29, 2013). "Jimmy Wales isn't a billionaire; He hasn't capitalized on Wikipedia, but still lives a jet-setter's life". International Herald Tribune.
  9. Chozick, Amy (June 30, 2013). "Jimmy Wales Is Not an Internet Billionaire". The New York Times Magazine. The New York Times Company. p. MM28. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  10. Tham, Irene (September 3, 2008). "Know when to kill your baby". The Straits Times.
  11. Spirrison, Brad (November 13, 2006). "GoPicnic poised for takeoff as Stamberger strikes back". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago Sun-Times, Inc. p. 68.
  12. Spirrison, Brad (December 4, 2006). "For the record, Wikipedia has some roots in Chicago". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago Sun-Times, Inc. p. 62.
  13. McNichol, Tom (March 1, 2007). "Building a Wiki World". Business 2.0. CNN. Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
  14. "People Who've Shaped The Internet". PC Quest. Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd. January 3, 2012.
  15. "Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales to Lecture at UI". Targeted News Service (USA). Iowa City, Iowa. February 23, 2011.
  16. "Mr Know-It-All is giving up billions". The Sunday Times. January 16, 2011. p. 23.
  17. Edemariam, Aida (February 19, 2011). "Saturday: The Saturday interview: Master of the know-alls". The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers Limited. p. 27.
  18. Seybold, Patricia B. (2006). Outside Innovation: How Your Customers Will Co-Design Your Company's Future. HarperBusiness. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-06-113590-3.
  19. DiBona, Chris; Mark Stone; Danese Cooper (2005). Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media. pp. 7, 310–334. ISBN 978-0-596-00802-4.
  20. "Chicago Options Associates, Inc". ICC Shareholder Reports. ICC Information Group Ltd. August 6, 2013. Registered Address: 401 S. LaSalle Street, Suite 302, Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA; Registration NO FC018368
  21. "Chicago Options Associates, Inc". ICC Directory of UK Companies. ICC Information Group Ltd. December 12, 2013. 401 S. LaSalle Street Suite 302 Chicago Illinois 60605 USA ... Registration No: FC018368 ... Incorporation Date: January 24, 1995
  22. Lawyers USA Staff (May 21, 2007). "Law firm can keep retainer despite creditor claims, rules Illinois Supreme Court". Lawyers Weekly USA. Dolan Media Newswires.
  23. Lundberg, Donald R. (March 2011). "Ethics Curbstone: Fun with Refundability: When Lawyers Owe Their Clients Money". Res Gestae Indiana Bar Journal. Indiana State Bar Association. 54: 60.
  24. Tailor, Sanjay T.; Thomas More Donnelly (Summer 2007). "Survey of Illinois Law: Enforcement of Judgment". Southern Illinois University Law Journal. Board of Trustees of Southern Illinois University. 31: 819.
  25. Bernabe, Alberto (Spring 2011). "Recent Developments in the Law of Lawyering: The New Illinois Rules of Professional Conduct". Loyola University Chicago Law Journal. Loyola University Chicago School of Law. 42: 391.
  26. Bodenstein, Ira; Vipin R. Gandra (November 2007). "In this Issue: Retainers in Illinois After Dowling: Yours, Mine or Ours". CBA Record. Chicago Bar Association. 21: 26.
  27. Murphy, Terrence M. (November 2006). "Murphy's Law". CBA Record. Chicago Bar Association. 20: 34.
  28. Maville, John; Heather Fritsch (2011). The Illinois Survival Guide: Best Practices for New Lawyers. American Bar Association. pp. 162–165. ISBN 978-1-60442-947-3.
  29. Miner, Jr., Steven A. (September 2013). "Ethics Extra". CBA Record. Chicago Bar Association. 27: 45.
  30. Levin, John (June 2011). "Legal Ethics: There is More to a Fee Dispute Than the Rules". CBA Record. Chicago Bar Association. 25: 44.
  31. Tarantino, John A.; Walter J. Frajola; Patrick T. Barone (2013). Defending Drinking Drivers, Second Edition, Volume 1. James Publishing, Inc. pp. 43–45, Section: 321. ISBN 0-938065-11-4.
  32. Miller, Brian (2008). "Recent Ethics Opinions and Cases of Significance". The Journal of the Legal Profession. 32: 331.
  33. Gamrath, Celia (December 1, 2013). "All in the Family: Disgorgement of fees". Chicago Lawyer Magazine. Law Bulletin Publishing Company. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  34. Gillers, Stephen; Andrew M. Perlman; Roy D. Simon (2009). Regulation of Lawyers, Statutes and Standards. Aspen Publishing. pp. 189–191. ISBN 978-0-7355-7936-1.
  35. Edwards, Richard C. (2009). West's Smith-Hurd Illinois compiled statutes annotated, Part 750. Westlaw. Illinois: West Publishing Company. pp. 8–10.
  36. Creamer, Robert A. (October 2009). "Get ready for Illinois' new rules of professional conduct". Illinois Bar Journal. Illinois State Bar Association. 97 (10): 500.
  37. Richmond, Douglas R. (2009). "Understanding Retainers And Flat Fees". The Journal of the Legal Profession. 34: 113.
  38. Resnicoff, Steven H. (Fall 2010). "Illinois' New Legal Ethics Rules: A Disappointing Travail, A Lesson for All, and Their Impact on the Practice of Business and Commercial Law". DePaul Business & Commercial Law Journal. 9: 29.

Further reading
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