Chiasmocleis hudsoni

Chiasmocleis hudsoni
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Microhylidae
Genus:	Chiasmocleis
Subgenus:	Chiasmocleis (Syncope)
Species:	C. hudsoni
Binomial name
	Chiasmocleis hudsoni; Parker, 1940
	Range as known in 2004. The species is now known to occur in Colombia and more widely in Brazil.
Synonyms[2]
	Syncope hudsoni (Parker, 1940);

Chiasmocleis hudsoni, also known as Hudson's humming frog, is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is found in French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Guianan Venezuela, Colombia (Amazonas), and Amazonian Brazil.[2] Chiasmocleis jimi has been included in this species but the most recent genetic analyses support its recognition as a distinct species; both species might include further distinct lineages that warrant recognition as species.[3]

Etymology

The specific name hudsoni honours C. A. Hudson, the collector of the holotype and a collector for the Natural History Museum, London.[4]

Description

Adult males measure 14–23 mm (0.6–0.9 in) and adult females 17–28 mm (0.7–1.1 in) in snout–vent length. The body is robust and ovoid. The head is much narrower than the body; the snout is rounded. All but the first finger are fringed; no webbing is present. The finger tips are rounded and fingers 2–3 are swollen and may present discs. The toes are slightly fringed but have no webbing. Toes 2–4 have terminal discs. The dorsum is purple brown with variable lighter markings. The snout can be white.[5]

Males may possess few but large dermal spines on the chin. The male advertisement call is a repetitive series of multi-pulsed notes.[5]

Habitat and conservation

Chiasmocleis hudsoni is a common species living in tropical rainforests at elevations below 300 m (980 ft). It is a nocturnal, fossorial frog, usually hiding in holes or in the leaf litter. It is an "explosive breeder" using temporary pools for breeding. It is locally threatened by habitat loss caused by clear-cutting. However, it is not threatened overall, and it is present in several protected areas.[1]

gollark: `is-even` actually depends on `is-odd`, and just uses that with the `!` operator.

gollark: `is-even` is popular too. It checks if a number is *even*.

gollark: Oh, several TENS of millions, silly me.

gollark: `is-number` is basically a package with several million weekly downloads with about five lines of code which test if a value is a number.

gollark: My main issue with it is:- JS is a wildly unsafe language (in different ways to C, at least) although TS partly fixes this. *Partly*- Hundreds of dependencies needed to do much. I recently interacted with someone on the internet who said this was a *good* thing, and talked about `is-number` being useful. They may be nsane.

References

Rodrigues, M. T.; Reynolds, R. & Barrio Amorós, C. L. (2004). "Chiasmocleis hudsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57757A11681166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57757A11681166.en.
Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Chiasmocleis hudsoni Parker, 1940". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
de Sá, Rafael O.; Tonini, João Filipe Riva; van Huss, Hannah; Long, Alex; Cuddy, Travis; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Zaher, Hussam & Haddad, Célio F. B. (2019). "Multiple connections between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest shaped the phylogenetic and morphological diversity of Chiasmocleis Mehely, 1904 (Anura: Microhylidae: Gastrophryninae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 130: 198–210. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.021. PMID 30347238.
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Sturaro, Marcelo José; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Gaucher, Philippe; Motta, Ana Paula & Wheeler, Ward (2014). "Phylogeny, taxonomic revision, and character evolution of the genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) in Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 386: 1–96. doi:10.1206/834.1. hdl:2246/6517.

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[IUCN-1] Rodrigues, M. T.; Reynolds, R. & Barrio Amorós, C. L. (2004). "Chiasmocleis hudsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57757A11681166. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57757A11681166.en.

[Frost-2] Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Chiasmocleis hudsoni Parker, 1940". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 December 2019.

[de_Sá_et_al._2019-3] Sá, Rafael O.; Tonini, João Filipe Riva; van Huss, Hannah; Long, Alex; Cuddy, Travis; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Zaher, Hussam & Haddad, Célio F. B. (2019). "Multiple connections between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest shaped the phylogenetic and morphological diversity of Chiasmocleis Mehely, 1904 (Anura: Microhylidae: Gastrophryninae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 130: 198–210. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.021. PMID 30347238.

[Beolens_et_al._2013-4] Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.

[Peloso_et_al._2014-5] Peloso, Pedro L. V.; Sturaro, Marcelo José; Forlani, Mauricio C.; Gaucher, Philippe; Motta, Ana Paula & Wheeler, Ward (2014). "Phylogeny, taxonomic revision, and character evolution of the genera Chiasmocleis and Syncope (Anura, Microhylidae) in Amazonia, with descriptions of three new species". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 386: 1–96. doi:10.1206/834.1. hdl:2246/6517.