Charlotte Emerson Brown

Charlotte Emerson Brown (April 21, 1838 – February 5, 1895) was an American woman notable as the creator and first president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC), a progressive women's movement in America beginning in the 1890s.[3] During her presidency, membership expanded quickly from 50 cultural clubs to several hundred, and grew to representing tens of thousands of women.[3] She was instrumental in the GFWC's formation of state-level organizations.[3]

Charlotte Emerson Brown
circa 1870-1890, photo by H.J. Brady
Born
Charlotte Emerson

(1838-04-21)April 21, 1838
Andover, Massachusetts
DiedFebruary 5, 1895(1895-02-05) (aged 56)
Newark, New Jersey
NationalityAmerican
OccupationProgressive organizer
RelativesAntoinette Brown Blackwell, sister-in-law[1][2]

Early years

Brown was born in Andover, Massachusetts[4] to Reverend Ralph Emerson[5] and Eliza Rockwell.[6] Brown's father was a professor of ecclesiastical history and pastoral theology at Andover Theological Seminary.[7] Brown was an avid reader and student who spoke many languages.[4][7][7] Brown graduated from the Abbot Academy of Andover.[4]

Career

Brown taught in Montreal with Hannah Lyman, Vassar's first female president,[7] and studied business in Chicago.[7] Brown's first clubs were a music club and a French club,[7] and her home in Illinois hosted literary, musical and artistic events.[8] She worked part time as a teacher; from 1879-1880, she served as Jane Addams's teacher of the German language.[8] She became president of the Woman's Club of Orange.[7] In 1890, she was elected president of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, an organization which encouraged women to educate themselves and become advocates in their communities.[7] Members advocated for clean milk, street lights, and libraries,[9] as well as for regulations regarding child labor and child and maternal health.[9] According to one viewpoint, the exclusion of men in these clubs was helpful in allowing women to develop their own leadership skills.[10] Under Brown's leadership, the organization grew from an initial meeting of delegates from sixty-one clubs to 475,000 U.S. women from 2,865 clubs in the mid-1920s, and was notable for assisting the career development of advocates such as Eleanor Roosevelt. Membership peaked at 830,000 members in 1955.[9] Brown served as the organization's president until 1894.[11]

Personal life

Brown married William Bryant Brown on July 20, 1880,[8] a congregational pastor who served parishes in several states.[8] The couple settled in East Orange, New Jersey.[7] Charlotte Brown died on February 4, 1895 and was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey.[12]

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gollark: ++supported_langs python
gollark: There should be.
gollark: I could make it support ++exec [language] [code block].
gollark: Anyway, does anyone think a different way to specify language would be helpful?

References
  1. Note: Blackwell was the first female ordained as a Protestant minister in the United States.
  2. Teske, Robin L.; Tétreault, Mary Ann (2000-01-01). Conscious Acts and the Politics of Social Change. Univ of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781570033315.
  3. "Charlotte Emerson Brown - American clubwoman". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  4. "Mrs. Charlotte Emerson Brown | Old News". oldnews.aadl.org. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
  5. Note: not Ralph Waldo Emerson
  6. Bryan, Mary Lynn; Bair, Barbara; Angury, Maree de; Addams, Jane (2010-10-01). The Selected Papers of Jane Addams: vol. 1: Preparing to Lead, 1860-81. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252090677.
  7. Willard, Frances Elizabeth (1893-01-01). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life. Moulton. p. 125.
  8. Bryan, Mary Lynn; Bair, Barbara; Angury, Maree de; Addams, Jane (2010-10-01). The Selected Papers of Jane Addams: vol. 1: Preparing to Lead, 1860-81. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252090677.
  9. Mankiller, Wilma P. (1999-10-01). The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0618001824.
  10. Goodwin, Lorine Swainston (2006-07-05). The Pure Food, Drink, and Drug Crusaders, 1879-1914. McFarland. ISBN 9780786427420.
  11. Flower, Benjamin Orange; Ridpath, John Clark; Tyner, Paul; McLean, John Emery; Fanning, Neuville O.; Patterson, Charles Brodie (1897-01-01). The Arena. Arena Publishing Company.
  12. "Charlotte Emerson Brown (1838 - 1895) - Find A Grave Memorial". www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2016-11-29.

Further reading
  • Emerson, Benjamin K. The Ipswich Emersons (1900)
  • Houde, Mary Jean. Reaching Out: A Story of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs (1989)
  • Swanson, Cynthia N. Brown, Charlotte Emerson American National Biography (2000) online
  • Wells, Mildred White. Unity in Diversity: The History of the General Federation of Women’s Clubs (1953).
  • Willard, Frances E., and Mary A. Livermore, eds., A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-Seventy Biographical Sketches (1893; repr. 1967)
  • Wood, Mrs Mary I. Stevens. The History of the General Federation of Women's Clubs: For the first twenty-two years of its organization (History department, General federation of women's clubs, 1912). online
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